Introduction: A variety of biomarkers are considered for diagnosis (e.g., β2-microgobulin, albumin, or LDH) and prognosis [e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Infants exhibit elevated influenza virus loads and prolonged viral shedding, which may increase the risk for resistance development, especially in cases of suboptimal exposure to antiviral therapy.
Methods: We performed a prospective surveillance of hospitalized infants undergoing oseltamivir therapy during the 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 influenza seasons at two paediatric hospitals in Germany. A total of 37 infants less than 1 year of age with laboratory confirmed influenza A(H3N2) infection received oseltamivir as per physician's order for 5 days (2008-2009 season: 2 mg/kg twice daily; 2011-2012 season: 2.
Parents are often uncertain about the vaccination status of their children. In times of vaccine hesitancy, vaccination programs could benefit from active patient participation. The Vaccination App () was developed by the Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, enabling parents to learn about the vaccination status of their children, including 25 different routine, special indication and travel vaccines listed in the WHO Immunization Certificate of Vaccination (WHO-ICV).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Objective: Regulatory authorities often receive poorly structured safety reports requiring considerable effort to investigate potential adverse events post hoc. Automated question-and-answer systems may help to improve the overall quality of safety information transmitted to pharmacovigilance agencies. This paper explores the use of the VACC-Tool (ViVI Automated Case Classification Tool) 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Patients with severe influenza virus infection, multi-organ failure and organ replacement therapy may absorb and metabolize neuraminidase inhibitors differently. Systematic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic clinical trials are currently lacking in this high-risk group. Inadequate dosing increases the risk of treatment failure and drug resistance, especially in severely ill patients with elevated virus loads.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfectious and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are difficult to identify early. Case definitions for aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are available, but rarely put to use. The VACC-Tool (Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative Automated Case Classification-Tool) is a mobile application enabling immediate case ascertainment based on consensus criteria at the point-of-care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Influenza-like illness (ILI) is a common reason for paediatric consultations. Viral causes predominate, but antibiotics are used frequently. With regard to influenza, pneumococcal coinfections are considered major contributors to morbidity/mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Infect Dis J
January 2016
IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell
November 2014
We describe a technique that automatically generates plausible depth maps from videos using non-parametric depth sampling. We demonstrate our technique in cases where past methods fail (non-translating cameras and dynamic scenes). Our technique is applicable to single images as well as videos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Infect Dis J
October 2015
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis
March 2015
Acute respiratory infections represent common pediatric emergencies. Infection control warrants immediate and accurate diagnoses. In the past, first-generation respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) rapid tests (strip tests) have shown suboptimal sensitivities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Influenza infections induce considerable disease burden in young children. Biomarkers for the monitoring of disease activity at the point-of-care (POC) are currently lacking. Recent methodologies for fluorescence-based rapid testing have been developed to provide improved sensitivities with the initial diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute respiratory infections represent common diseases in childhood and a challenge to infection control, public heath, and the clinical management of patients and their families. Children are avid spreaders of respiratory viruses, and seasonal outbreaks of influenza create additional disease burden and healthcare cost. Infants under the age of two and children with chronic conditions are at high risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The appropriate management of infants and children with influenza depends on the accurate and timely diagnosis, ideally at the point of care (POC).
Objectives: To evaluate the use of simultaneous RSV/influenza rapid testing with QuickVue™ test strips as well as (the use of) novel, fluorescence-based, rapid influenza antigen testing (SOFIA™) in infants and children with influenza-like illness (ILI).
Study Design: The Study was conducted in a real-time surveillance program at the Charité Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with the National Reference Centre for Influenza at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) in Berlin, Germany (Charité Influenza-Like Disease=ChILD Cohort).
Background: Infants and small children are the most effective transmitters of influenza, while bearing a high risk of hospitalization and adverse disease outcomes. This study aims to investigate virus load kinetics and resistance development during oseltamivir therapy in infants and children infected with influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and influenza B viruses.
Methods: Virus load in nasopharyngeal samples and phenotypic/genotypic neuraminidase inhibitor resistance were determined at baseline, at day 5 and in additional follow-up samples, if available.
We present a semi-automatic 3D segmentation method for brain structures from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). There are three main contributions. First, our method combines boundary-based and region-based approaches but differs from previous hybrid methods in that we perform them in two separate phases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem
January 2011
Objective: Aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the dihydropyridine derivative BW 9798 on intimal hyperplasia in a carotid artery injury model of New Zealand White rabbits on a high cholesterol diet.
Methods: In carotid arteries of 50 New Zealand White rabbits atherosclerotic lesions were induced by cholesterol diet and electrostimulation of the artery. In 40 animals the resulting primary lesion was subjected to balloon angioplasty (BA).
Psychiatry Res
August 2010
Autism is a severe developmental disorder whose neurological basis is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the shape differences of the corpus callosum between patients with autism and control subjects. Anatomical landmarks were collected from midsagittal magnetic resonance images of 25 patients and 18 controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Comput Biol Drug Des
April 2010
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder characterised by an inability to metabolise phenylalanine. Several studies have reported that the Corpus Callosum (CC) is one of the most severely affected structures with respect to volume loss in early treated PKU patients. In this work, we aim to detect the abnormalities of the CC in PKU from both global and local perspectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
May 2009
A number of studies have documented that autism has a neurobiological basis, but the anatomical extent of these neurobiological abnormalities is largely unknown. In this paper, we apply advanced computational techniques to extract 3D models of the corpus callosum (CC) and subsequently analyze the volumetric deficit of the total CC and its five sub-regions in a homogeneous group of autistic children. Moreover, we explore new MRI traits based on the oriented bounding rectangle of the CC, which are the length, width and aspect ratio of the bounding rectangle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
May 2009
Brain volume calculations are crucial in modern medical research, especially in the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we present an algorithm for calculating two classifications of brain volume, total brain volume (TBV) and intracranial volume (ICV). Our algorithm takes MRI data as input, performs several preprocessing and intermediate steps, and then returns each of the two calculated volumes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic effect of coronary collaterals on early and midterm clinical outcomes in patients undergoing first time isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.
Methods: Preoperative angiograms from 861 patients were evaluated to assess the presence and extent of coronary collaterals (Rentrop classification). Coronary collaterals (CC) were present in 485 (56.
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets
December 2006
The introduction of stents to clinical practice was the major breakthrough in the field of percutaneous coronary intervention. The introduction of stents was associated with two serious complications, the first was increase in subacute thrombosis within the first 30 days of stent implantation later controlled with the use of high pressure inflation and dual antiplatelet therapy, the second was the phenomenon of in-stent restenosis that was primarily caused by smooth muscle proliferation. While coronary stenting eliminates elastic recoil, it is unable to inhibit excessive neointimal formation.
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