Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.

This review addresses the ongoing global challenge posed by emerging and evolving viral diseases, underscoring the need for innovative vaccine development strategies. It focuses on the modern approaches to creating vaccines based on recombinant proteins produced in different expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, plants, insects, and mammals. This review analyses the advantages, limitations, and applications of these expression systems for producing vaccine antigens, as well as strategies for designing safer, more effective, and potentially 'universal' antigens.

[INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS].

The authors digitized therapeutic factors used in the treatment of various forms of cognitive disorders, including dementia, with the subsequent development of a medical information system «Diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders». The medical information system «Diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders» was created on the basis of the 1C platform, supplemented by the module «Treatment of cognitive disorders», focused on supporting medical decision-making when choosing therapeutic factors for patients with cognitive disorders. It is planned to use this module in the complex activities of memory impairment classrooms.

Assessment of a Structurally Modified Alternanthera Mosaic Plant Virus as a Delivery System for Sarcoma Cells.

The virions of plant viruses and their structurally modified particles (SP) represent valuable platforms for recombinant vaccine epitopes and antitumor agents. The possibility of modifying their surface with biological compounds makes them a tool for developing medical biotechnology applications. Here, we applied a new type of SP derived from virions and virus-like particles (VLP) of Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) and well-studied SP from Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Functional Analysis of the Channelrhodopsin Genes from the Green Algae of the White Sea Basin.

Optogenetics, the method of light-controlled regulation of cellular processes is based on the use of the channelrhodopsins that directly generate photoinduced currents. Most of the channelrhodopsin genes have been identified in the green microalgae Chlorophyta, and the demand for increasing the number of functionally characterized channelrhodopsins and the diversity of their photochemical parameters keeps growing. We performed the expression analysis of cation channelrhodopsin (CCR) genes in natural isolates of microalgae of the genera and from the unique Arctic Circle region.

Wuhan Sequence-Based Recombinant Antigens Expressed in Elicit Antibodies Capable of Binding with Omicron S-Protein.

The development of cross-reactive vaccines is one of the central aims of modern vaccinology. Continuous mutation and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants create the problem of universal coronavirus vaccine design. Previously, the authors devised three recombinant coronavirus antigens, which were based on the sequence collected in 2019 (the Wuhan variant) and produced in an bacterial expression system.

Corrigendum to "Influenza Virus Aerosols in the Air and Their Infectiousness".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/859090.].

Protective Activity of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine Using Flagellin-Based Adjuvant.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease with high lethality. Most human deaths are associated with the bites received from dogs and cats. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing rabies disease in both animals and humans.

Novel Universal Recombinant Rotavirus A Vaccine Candidate: Evaluation of Immunological Properties.

Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. Although rotavirus-associated mortality has decreased considerably because of the introduction of the worldwide rotavirus vaccination, the global burden of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis remains high. Current vaccines have a number of disadvantages; therefore, there is a need for innovative approaches in rotavirus vaccine development.

[Lessons learnt from COVID-19: technology for organizing a forced self-isolation regime].

The lessons of COVID-19 have confirmed the effectiveness of measures aimed at strict self-isolation and quarantine. In the People's Republic of China, where any violation of the regime requirements was qualified as a criminal offense, the virus was neutralized when the pandemic was only gaining momentum in Europe and America. However, without proper organization of a restrictive regime, self-isolation can lead to negative consequences in terms of deterioration of health and standard of living.

Plant Viruses as Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines and Immunotherapy.

Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed the urgent need for a new approach to the design of novel vaccines. Plant viruses and their derivatives are being used increasingly for the development of new medical and biotechnological applications, and this is reflected in a number of preclinical and clinical studies.

[Clarithromycin for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: focus on anti-inflammatory properties].

Aim: To evaluate clinical efficacy, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of clarithromycin in adults with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP).

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study recruited adult hospitalized patients with verified sCAP. Clarithromycin was prescribed as a component of combination antibiotic therapy (ABT) with a β-lactam antibiotic (AB).

Dataset on safety and protective efficacy studies of COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on structurally modified plant virus in female hamsters.

This data article is related to the previous research, which addressed the development of a COVID-19 recombinant vaccine candidate. Here, we present the additional data in support of the safety and protective efficacy evaluation of two COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on the coronaviruses' S protein fragments and a structurally modified plant virus - spherical particles. The effectiveness of the experimental vaccines was studied against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an infection model in female Syrian hamsters.

Effect of the Coat Protein N-Terminal Domain Structure on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Virions of Potato Virus X and Alternanthera Mosaic Virus.

The amino acid sequences of the coat proteins (CPs) of the potexviruses potato virus X (PVX) and alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) share ~40% identity. The N-terminal domains of these proteins differ in the amino acid sequence and the presence of the N-terminal fragment of 28 residues (ΔN peptide) in the PVX CP. Here, we determined the effect of the N-terminal domain on the structure and physicochemical properties of PVX and AltMV virions.

Ewing sarcoma treatment: a gene therapy approach.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive malignant tumor, characterized by non-random chromosomal translocations that produce fusion genes. Fusion genes and fusion protein products are promising targets for gene therapy. Therapeutic approaches and strategies vary based on target molecules (nucleotides, proteins) of interest.

Chilling Upregulates Expression of the PsbS and LhcSR Genes in the Chloroplasts of the Green Microalga Lobosphaera incisa IPPAS C-2047.

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of excited chlorophyll states is essential for protecting the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) from the excessive light-induced damage in all groups of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The key component of the NPQ mechanism in green algae and some other groups of algae and mosses is the LhcSR protein of the light harvesting complex (LHC) protein superfamily. In vascular plants, LhcSR is replaced by PsbS, another member of the LHC superfamily and a subunit of photosystem II (PSII).

Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Human Betacoronaviruses: Strategies, Approaches and Progress.

Betacoronaviruses have already troubled humanity more than once. In 2002-2003 and 2012, the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, caused outbreaks of respiratory syndromes with a fatal outcome. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has become a pandemic.

Identification of the Channelrhodopsin Genes in the Green and Cryptophytic Algae from the White and Black Seas.

Due to the unique capability of modulating cell membrane potential upon photoactivation, channelrhodopsins of green (Chlorophyta) and cryptophytic (Cryptophyta) algae are widely employed in optogenetics, a modern method of light-dependent regulation of biological processes. To enable the search for new genes perspective for optogenetics, we have developed the PCR tests for the presence of genes of the cation and anion channelrhodopsins. Six isolates of green algae Haematococcus and Bracteacoccus from the White Sea region and 2 specimens of Rhodomonas sp.

Applications of methods of psychological support developed for astronauts for use in medical settings.

Over the past 40 years, psychological support (PS) for cosmonauts and astronauts has remained an important part of the regular biomedical provision of space crews during extended orbital flights. It includes well-developed principles and a set of methods that have proven its effectiveness for the maintenance of behavioral health under extreme conditions of space flight. The main principle of PS in flight is to restore the usual sensory input to compensate for the monotony and lack of external stimuli as a result of a long stay under isolation and confinement.

Long-term humoral immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine against reindeer rabies.

The core element of the reindeer rabies eradication strategy is regular application of vaccines to obtain and uphold a vaccination coverage sufficient for the ceasing of rabies virus transmission. This article presents the results of reindeer humoral immunity intensity and duration study after the immunization with two form of inactivated rabies vaccines (adjuvanted liquid vaccine and non-adjuvanted lyophilized vaccine) based on the Shchelkovo-51 rabies virus strain. Efficiency of post-vaccine immunity was assessed by measuring the animal blood serum virus-neutralizing antibody level in a neutralization test.

Plant Viruses: New Opportunities under the Pandemic.

During the pandemic, an urgent task has become to develop new vaccine platforms that will help fight the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and quickly respond to newly emerging pathogens. Plant viruses can make a significant contribution to the solution of this problem. Phytoviruses, having the properties of any viral particles (self-assembly, immunogenicity, nanosize), are safe for humans since plants and mammals have no common infectious agents.

Virus Elimination from Naturally Infected Field Cultivars of Potato () by Transgenic RNA Interference.

Tissue culture methods enable virus elimination from vegetatively propagated crop plants but cannot prevent new infections. Here we used a tissue culture transgenic approach for curing field cultivars of through the stimulation of RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defenses. Expression cassettes carrying inverted repeats of potato virus S (PVS, genus ) movement or coat protein sequences were used for the transformation of potato cultivars naturally infected with PVS and/or a related carlavirus potato virus M (PVM), without or with potato virus Y (PVY, genus ).

Structurally Modified Plant Viruses and Bacteriophages with Helical Structure. Properties and Applications.

Structurally modified virus particles can be obtained from the rod-shaped or filamentous virions of plant viruses and bacteriophages by thermal or chemical treatment. They have recently attracted attention of the researchers as promising biogenic platforms for the development of new biotechnologies. This review presents data on preparation, structure, and properties of the structurally modified virus particles.

Nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation on metric graphs: A model for generation and transport of parity-time-symmetric nonlocal solitons in networks.

We consider the parity-time (PT)-symmetric, nonlocal, nonlinear Schrödinger equation on metric graphs. Vertex boundary conditions are derived from the conservation laws. Soliton solutions are obtained for the simplest graph topologies, such as star and tree graphs.

Designing Stable Antigens with a View to Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine Development.

Anthrax is a disease caused by that affects mammals, including humans. Recombinant protective antigen (rPA) is the most common basis for modern anthrax vaccine candidates. However, this protein is characterised by low stability due to proteolysis and deamidation.