Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes cooperate to coordinate development.

The transcriptome is subject to rapid and massive changes during the transition between developmental stages. These changes require tight control to avoid the undesired reactivation of gene expression that is only important for previous developmental stages and, if unchecked during transition between developmental stages, could lead to anarchic proliferation and formation of malignant tumors. In this context, the involvement of chromatin factors is important since they can directly regulate the expression of multiple genes at the same time.

Enhanced Aggression, Reduced Self-Grooming Behavior and Altered 5-HT Regulation in the Frontal Cortex in Mice Lacking Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1).

The Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is one of the six functional receptors belonging to the family of monoamine-related G protein-coupled receptors (TAAR1-TAAR9) found in humans. However, the exact biological mechanisms of TAAR1 central and peripheral action remain to be fully understood. TAAR1 is widely expressed in the prefrontal cortex and several limbic regions, interplaying with the dopamine system to modulate the reward circuitry.

Evaluation of Approach to a Conspecific and Blood Biochemical Parameters in TAAR1 Knockout Mice.

It is known that the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) receptor is involved in limbic brain functions by regulating dopamine transmission and putative reward circuitry. Moreover, other TAARs are expressed in the olfactory system of all studied vertebrate species, sensing innate socially-relevant odors, including pheromones. Therefore, one can assume that TAARs may play a role in rodent social and sexual behavior.

Cost Analysis for Inpatient Treatment of Recurrent Depressive Disorder in Russia.

Objectives: To estimate costs of pharmacotherapy of recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) in a hospital-based care.

Methods: In the study, we analyzed the real-world practice in hospital-based care and the costs of RDD pharmacotherapy. A total of 119 case histories of patients who received a diagnosis of RDD and were hospitalized in 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.

Minor Changes in Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) Knockout Mice.

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in the olfactory epithelium, central nervous system, and periphery. TAAR family generally consists of nine types of receptors (TAAR1-9), which can detect biogenic amines. During the last 5 years, the TAAR5 receptor became one of the most intriguing receptors in this subfamily.

[The time course of changes in the state of monoaminergic systems in the brain of mice under the acute hypoxia with hypercapnia].

In socially isolated male outbred albino mice, the changes of monoaminergic systems under acute hypoxia with hypercapnia were studied. In cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain, the concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites - dihydroxyphenylacetic, homovanillic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids were investigated using the HPLC method. In isolated mice, which were not subjected to hypoxia with hypercapnia, higher levels of dopamine and serotonin in the left cortex were found.

Minimal Age-Related Alterations in Behavioral and Hematological Parameters in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Knockout Mice.

Since the discovery in 2001, the G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) has become an important focus of research targeted on evaluation of its role in the central nervous system (CNS). Meanwhile, impact of TAAR1 in the peripheral organs is less investigated. Expression of TAAR1 was demonstrated in different peripheral tissues: pancreatic β-cells, stomach, intestines, white blood cells (WBC), and thyroid.

Proteomic dataset: Profiling of cultivated isolates from Crohn's disease patients and healthy individuals.

One of the dysbioses often observed in Crohn's disease (CD) patients is an increased abundance of (10-100 fold compared to healthy individuals) (Gevers et al., 2014). The data reported is a large-scale proteome profile for isolates collected from CD patients and healthy individuals.

Molecular genetic study of acute intermittent porphyria in Russia: HMBS gene mutation spectrum and problem of penetrance.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most common and severe form of porphyrias. This is a dominant inherited disorder with low penetrance, caused by mutations in gene coding hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS). We present the results of our long-term genetic study of AIP patients and their relatives (N = 153 and 302, respectively).

[Central monoaminergic systems sensitivity to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia changes after the maintenance under the long-term social isolation].

The experiments were performed in male albino outbred mice kept in a group and under the conditions of long-term social isolation. The changes in the monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia have been studied. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites - dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids - were determined by HPLC in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain.

UNEQUAL HORMONAL RESPONSE OF MALE AND FEMALE C3H-A MICE TO THE THYROID AND ANTITHYROID AGENT TREATMENTS.

The state of physiological functions of the whole organism, its vital activity and adaptation to various changes in the surrounding and internal environment is controlled by neurohumoral mechanisms. The main place in the implementation of those mechanisms belongs to hormones. A clinically relevant problem is currently the relationship between activity of thyroid gland and prolactin.

[The effect of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia on the content of monoamines in symmetrical areas of the brain in albino mice].

Changes in the activity of monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia were investigated in male albino mice. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanilic (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic (5-HIAA) acids were measured by HPLC in the brain cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and the left hemispheres. In the control mice not exposed to hypoxia with hypercapnia, a higher concentration of DA in the left cortex was detected.

[Overexpression of microRNAs miR-9, -98, and -199 Correlates with the Downregulation of HK2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer].

Glycolysis activation is one of the main features of energy metabolism in cancer cells that is associated with the increase in glycolytic enzyme synthesis, primarily, hexokinases (HKs), in many types of tumors. Conversely, in colorectal cancer (CRC) the decrease in the expression of HK2 gene, which encodes one of the key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, was revealed, thus, the study of the mechanisms of its inhibition in CRC is of particular interest. To search for potential microRNAs, inhibiting the expression of HK2 in CRC, we have performed the analysis of data from "The Cancer Genome Atlas" (TCGA) and five microRNA-mRNA target interaction databases (TargetScan, DIANA microT, mirSVR (miRanda), PicTar, and miRTarBase) using original CrossHub software.

Inhibitory effect of streptococci on the growth of M. catarrhalis strains and the diversity of putative bacteriocin-like gene loci in the genomes of S. pneumoniae and its relatives.

S. pneumoniae is a facultative human pathogen causing a wide range of infections including the life-threatening pneumoniae or meningitis. It colonizes nasopharynx as well as its closest phylogenetic relatives S.

Effects of Oxytocin on the Levels and Metabolism of Monoamines in the Brain of White Outbred Mice during Long-Term Social Isolation.

The effects of intranasal administration of oxytocin on the levels and metabolism of monoamines in symmetrical structures of the brain of white outbred mice kept under conditions of long-term social isolation were studied by HPLC. Disappearance of initial right-sided asymmetry in the content of dopamine metabolites in the striatum, increased 5-hydroxyacetic acid content in the right striatum, and disappearance of the initial left-sided asymmetry in serotonin level in the cortex were noted; we also found a decrease in norepinephrine content in the left hippocampus with appearance of asymmetry and higher content in the right olfactory tubercle. It can be hypothesized that minor changes in the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems against the background of high reactivity of noradrenergic system represent specific response of the brain to oxytocin in aggressive animals.

Genome analysis of E. coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients.

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The phylogeny of E.

Specific interactions between lectins and red blood cells of Chornobyl cleanup workers as indicator of some late radiation effects.

Aim: Growing interest in lectins is based on their diagnostic and pharmacological potential, especially the ability to inhibit proliferation and initiate apoptosis of cancer cells. In our research microplate lectinoassay able to detect carbohydrate containing structures (receptors) on erythrocyte surface have been proposed for Chornobyl cleanup workers (1986) monitoring. It was expected to reveal specific abnormalities associated with pathological condition arising as a result of late radiation effects.

Effect of lentivirus-mediated shRNA inactivation of HK1, HK2, and HK3 genes in colorectal cancer and melanoma cells.

Background: The switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in proliferating cancer cells, even under aerobic conditions, has been shown first in 1926 by Otto Warburg. Today this phenomenon is known as the "Warburg effect" and recognized as a hallmark of cancer. The metabolic shift to glycolysis is associated with the alterations in signaling pathways involved in energy metabolism, including glucose uptake and fermentation, and regulation of mitochondrial functions.

Differential expression of alternatively spliced transcripts related to energy metabolism in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. CRC molecular pathogenesis is heterogeneous and may be followed by mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, chromosomal and microsatellite instability, alternative splicing alterations, hypermethylation of CpG islands, oxidative stress, impairment of different signaling pathways and energy metabolism. In the present work, we have studied the alterations of alternative splicing patterns of genes related to energy metabolism in CRC.

Synthesis and X-ray Characterization of Alkali Metal 2-Acyl-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides.

A novel route for synthesis of 2-acyl-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides (ATCN) salts in high yields and excellent purities starting from readily available methyl ketones, malononitrile, bromine, and alkali metal acetates is reported. The starting aryl(heteroaryl) methyl ketones were oxidized to the corresponding α-ketoaldehydes by new a DMSO-NaBr-H2SO4 oxidation system in yields up to 90% within a short reaction time of 8-10 min. The subsequent stages of ATCN preparation are realized in aqueous media without use of any toxic solvents, in accordance with principle 5 of "green chemistry".

Oxytocin-Induced Changes in Monoamine Level in Symmetric Brain Structures of Isolated Aggressive C57Bl/6 Mice.

Changes in activity of monoaminergic systems of the left and right brain hemispheres after administration of saline and oxytocin were studied in male C57Bl/6 mice subjected to social isolation. The concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic, homovanillic, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, and striatum of the left and right brain hemispheres by HPLC. In isolated aggressive males treated intranasally with saline, the content of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was significantly higher in the right hippocampus.

The mystery of the fourth clone: comparative genomic analysis of four non-typeable Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with different susceptibilities to optochin.

Optochin-resistant pneumococci can be rarely caught in clinical microbiology laboratories because of the routine identification of all such strains as viridans group non-pneumococci. We were lucky to find four non-typeable Streptococcus pneumoniae clones demonstrating the different susceptibilities to optochin: one of them (Spn_13856) was resistant to optochin, while the other three (Spn_1719, Spn_27, and Spn_2298) were susceptible. Whole genome nucleotide sequences of these strains were compared to reveal the differences between the optochin-resistant and optochin-susceptible strains.

[Extracellular lectins from saprophytic strains of bacteria of the genus Bacillus (review)].

The present review summarizes both the authors' own and other researchers' reports concerning the synthesis and properties of sialic acid-specific extracellular lectins from saprophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Bacilli of this genus isolated from different ecological niches differ with regard to the ability to synthesize lectins. The biphasic temporal pattern of lectin synthesis in culture and the effect of cultivation conditions on lectin production have been demonstrated.

[Cloning and analysis of a new aliphatic amidase gene from Rhodococcus erythropolis TA37].

A new aliphatic amidase gene (ami), having a level of similarity with the nearest homologs of no more than 77%, was identified in the Rhodococcus erythropolis TA37 strain, which is able to hydrolyze a wide range of amides. The amidase gene was cloned within a 3.7 kb chromosomal locus, which also contains putative acetyl-CoA ligase and ABC-type transportergenes.