Impact of Experimental Tuberculosis on Fertility of Female BALB/c Mice.

The study revealed no effects of pregnancy and childbirth on the course of tuberculosis in female BALB/c mice after aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, we demonstrated a negative effect of tuberculosis infection on the fertility of infected females, which manifested in a longer period from mating to pregnancy and in a smaller litter size. Impaired reproductive function in response to the effect of the systemic infectious process was accompanied by the development of immunosuppression confirmed by an immunological test (delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin) and the formation of genital tract dysbiosis during pregnancy and postpartum period.

[Difficult case of differential diagnosis of partial lung atelectasis. Case report].

In December 2018 the patient over 60 years old sought medical help with complaints of persistent cough. Based on computed tomography data there were identified the sings (symptoms) of right lung lower lobe atelectasis. To run this patient diagnostics there were performed 6 bronchoscopies narrowed down by bronchi checks up only and described the right lung central cancer picture.

[Pulmonary function testing and prehabilitation in thoracic surgery].

Preoperative assessment should include spirometry and analysis of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. If necessary, exercise tests can be performed. High risk patients can be revealed considering these data.

HLA-DR-Positive NK Cells Expand in Response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigens and Mediate Mycobacteria-Induced T Cell Activation.

NK cells play an important role in the control of tuberculosis infection: they are not only able to kill the infected cells, but also control the activity of macrophages and development of the adaptive immune response. Still, there is little information on the role of specific NK cell subsets in this network. In this study, we focused on the mycobacteria-driven responses of the NK cells expressing HLA-DR - a type of MHC class II.

Comparative performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold versus skin test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen (Diaskintest) among patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia.

Background: The early identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can prevent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. A skin test with a tuberculosis recombinant allergen (Diaskintest) is a new method for identification that has been implemented in Russia. This study was performed to compare the performances of Diaskintest and QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) in adults and children with suspected TB in Moscow, Russia.

[Physical activity and physical training as method of prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

A growing body of data demonstrates that exercise capacity is a potentially stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals who maintain a regular program of PA that is longer in duration, of greater intensity, or both are likely to derive greater benefit than those who engage in lesser amounts. In this review, the authors have shown the possibility of assessing physical activity and the main provisions of the appointment of physical training to improve and preserve the cardiorespiratory fitness.

Antigen-Specific IFN- Responses Correlate with the Activity of Infection but Are Not Associated with the Severity of Tuberculosis Disease.

IFN- is a key cytokine in antituberculosis (TB) defense. However, how the levels of its secretion affect () infection is not clear. We have analyzed associations between IFN- responses measured in QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-tube (QFT) assay, TB disease severity, and infection activity.

[A difficult case of the differential diagnosis of focal infiltrative lung changes in phthisiatric practice].

Errors occur rather commonly in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases accompanied by X-ray lung tissue changes as foci and infiltration. Infiltrative and disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer, and pneumonia constitute a high proportion among the detected concurrent lung diseases. The rate of diagnostic discordance for these lung abnormalities accounts for more than 30%; and the diagnosis period for an infiltrative lung process lasts 2–3 weeks in 20% of cases and above 1–3 months in 80%.

[Optimisation of diagnostics and differential diagnostics disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis].

One of the reasons of dramatic situation with tuberculosis in Russia is untimely diagnostics of tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to identify the causes of diagnostic mistakes when we deal with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis at current stage and to modernize the diagnostic process. The analysis of the diagnostic activity of the consultative diagnostic center of Central Tuberculosis Research Institute of Russian Academy Medical Sciences for 2011 was performed with special attention on the results of the survey of 505 patients with pulmonary dissemination.

[Up-to-date technologies in preoperative preparation and postoperative period in patients with progressive destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The impact of complex pathogenetic treatment involving the latest advances of science and technology in the correction of pulmonary surfactant system (PSS) disorders, extracorporeal therapy and immunomodulation on the enhancement of efficiency of surgical treatment in patients with progressive destructive tuberculosis of the lung. The results of examinations and treatment were studied in 199 patients with progressive and complicated pulmonary tuberculosis. According to the used treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups: a study group (n = 102) and a control one (n = 97).

[Experience with small-volume plasmapheresis used in the correction of hemostatic disorders in patients with progressive destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

Pulmonary tuberculosis may result from a complex of the phenomena predisposing to impaired blood coagulation. The purpose of the investigation was to study the efficiency of small-volume plasmapheresis in the correction of hemostatic disorders in patients with progressive destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The results of examination and treatment were analyzed in 112 patients aged 18 to 65 years who had progressive destructive pulmonary tuberculosis treated at the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in 1994 to 2004.

[Morphological signs of acute lung lesion in patients with caseous pneumonia].

The authors conducted light optical and electron microscopic studies of caseum-free resected lung parenchymal portions from 11 patients with caseous pneumonia. All cases were found to have severe vascular bed permeability impairments, developed extensive intraalveolar edema, destruction of both type 1 respiratory alveolocytes and surfactant-producing type 2 alveolocytes. Release of plasma proteins into the intraalveolar space and their interaction with extracellular phospholipoproteins gave rise to hyaline masses.

Mismatch negativity in evoked brain potentials in adolescents in normal conditions and attention deficit in response to presentation of short-duration acoustic stimuli.

Experiments were performed to measure the critical duration of acoustic stimuli at which the generation of mismatch negativity is still possible in auditory evoked potentials in the human brain, arising in conditions of presentation of standard and deviant stimuli differing in terms of frequency (1000 and 1200 Hz respectively). Studies were performed in two groups of adolescents (aged 11-14 years): 1) those with normal attention characteristics and 2) children with attention deficit. The results showed that normal children had the same critical duration for sound stimuli at which mismatch negativity could be generated as adults.

[Mismatch negativity in the brain evoked potentials induced by short duration acoustic stimuli in adolescents in the norm and those with attention deficit].

The effect of stimulus duration on the mismatch negativity of the auditory event-related potentials was studied in healthy children and those with attention-deficit symptoms. The minimum stimulus duration with which a MMN was elicited by frequency deviant was 50 ms in healthy children. The MMN was absent with shorter stimuli (11 ms and 30 ms).