The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder and head injury on reactive and appetitive aggression in adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

Objective: Refugees are highly vulnerable to mental health disorders and head injuries. The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and head injury on reactive and appetitive aggression in adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adult Arab United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-registered Syrian refugees residing in Beirut and southern regions of Lebanon.

Survey of CT radiation doses and iodinated contrast medium administration: an international multicentric study.

Objective: To assess the relationship between intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) administration usage and radiation doses for contrast-enhanced (CE) CT of head, chest, and abdomen-pelvis (AP) in international, multicenter settings.

Methods: Our international (n = 16 countries), multicenter (n = 43 sites), and cross-sectional (ConRad) study had two parts. Part 1: Redcap survey with questions on information related to CT and ICM manufacturer/brand and respective protocols.

Early Detection of Heart Failure with Autonomous AI-Based Model Using Chest Radiographs: A Multicenter Study.

The opportunistic use of radiological examinations for disease detection can potentially enable timely management. We assessed if an index created by an AI software to quantify chest radiography (CXR) findings associated with heart failure (HF) could distinguish between patients who would develop HF or not within a year of the examination. Our multicenter retrospective study included patients who underwent CXR without an HF diagnosis.

Multicenter, international study of CT practices and radiation doses from 10 African countries: An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) baseline study.

Purpose: The objective of our IAEA-coordinated international study was to assess CT practices and radiation doses from multiple hospitals across several African countries.

Methods: The study included 13 hospitals from Africa which contributed information on minimum of 20 consecutive patients who underwent head, chest, and/or abdomen-pelvis CT. Prior to the data recording step, all hospitals had a mandatory one-hour training on the best practices in recording the relevant data elements.

Cultural assimilation of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon: Effect modification by religiosity and sex on the relation between cultural adversities and common mental health disorders.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of common mental health disorders (CMHDs, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and anxiety) in Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Specifically, we examined how the associations between cultural adversities (discrimination, unemployment, and separation from family) and CMHDs are modified by levels of religiosity and sex.

Method: Between March and June 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adult Arab Syrian refugees residing in Beirut and Southern Lebanon.

Changes in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Obstruction Score Following Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Pigs.

Objectives: To investigate the contribution of mechanical obstruction and pulmonary vasoconstriction to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in pigs.

Design: Controlled, animal study.

Setting: Tertiary university hospital, animal research laboratory.

The effect of macrocyclic ionic and non-ionic gadolinium agents on neuronal injury and myelin loss in the spinal cords of rats with and without diabetes mellitus.

Background: The effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) on the spinal cord is not established, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: To investigate neuronal and myelin loss in the spinal cord when employing macrocyclic ionic Gadoterate Meglumine (Gd-DOTA) and non-ionic Gadobuterol (Gd-BT-DO3A) GBCA in rats with and without diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: This study was performed between November 2018 and February 2020.

Establishing national clinical diagnostic reference levels and achievable doses for CT examinations in Brazil: A prospective study.

Purpose: Diagnostic reference levels (DRL) and achievable doses (AD) are important tools for radiation dose optimization. Therefore, a prospective study was performed which aimed to establish a multi-parametric, clinical indication based - DRL(DRL) and clinical indication - AD (AD) for adult CT in Brazil.

Methods: The prospective study included 4787 patients (50 ± 18 years old; male:female 2041:2746) at 13 Brazilian sites that have been submitted to head, paranasal sinus, cervical spine, chest, or abdomen-pelvis CT between January and October 2021 for 13 clinical indications.

Setting up regional diagnostic reference levels for pediatric computed tomography in Latin America: preliminary results, challenges and the work ahead.

We established a framework for collecting radiation doses for head, chest and abdomen-pelvis computed tomography (CT) in children scanned at multiple imaging sites across Latin America with an aim towards establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) in pediatric CT in Latin America. Our study included 12 Latin American sites (in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras and Panama) contributing data on the four most common pediatric CT examinations (non-contrast head, non-contrast chest, post-contrast chest and post-contrast abdomen-pelvis). Sites contributed data on patients' age, sex and weight, scan factors (tube current and potential), volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP).

Low Contrast Volume Protocol in Routine Chest CT Amid the Global Contrast Shortage: A Single Institution Experience.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of low contrast volume (LCV) chest CT performed with multiple contrast agents on multivendor CT with varying scanning techniques.

Methods: The study included 361 patients (65 ± 15 years; M: F 173:188) who underwent LCV chest CT on one of the six 64-256 detector-row CT scanners using single-energy (SECT) or dual-energy (DECT) modes. All patients were scanned with either a fixed-LCV (LCVf, n = 103) or weight-based LCV (LCVw, n = 258) protocol.

Auto-Detection of Motion Artifacts on CT Pulmonary Angiograms with a Physician-Trained AI Algorithm.

: Motion-impaired CT images can result in limited or suboptimal diagnostic interpretation (with missed or miscalled lesions) and patient recall. We trained and tested an artificial intelligence (AI) model for identifying substantial motion artifacts on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) that have a negative impact on diagnostic interpretation. : With IRB approval and HIPAA compliance, we queried our multicenter radiology report database (mPower, Nuance) for CTPA reports between July 2015 and March 2022 for the following terms: "motion artifacts", "respiratory motion", "technically inadequate", and "suboptimal" or "limited exam".

Suboptimal Chest Radiography and Artificial Intelligence: The Problem and the Solution.

Chest radiographs (CXR) are the most performed imaging tests and rank high among the radiographic exams with suboptimal quality and high rejection rates. Suboptimal CXRs can cause delays in patient care and pitfalls in radiographic interpretation, given their ubiquitous use in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic ailments. Suboptimal CXRs can also compound and lead to high inter-radiologist variations in CXR interpretation.

Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular outcomes among young patients with acute myocardial infarction in Kerala, India: A secondary analysis of ACS QUIK trial.

Background: Limited data exist on the risk profile and outcomes among young patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs). This study explored differences in the clinical characteristics, medical care, and outcomes of AMI in young adults in India with a subanalysis focusing on sex disparities amongst the young.

Methods: Using the Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement in Kerala trial database, we compared baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes amongst the young patients(≤50 years) and their older counterparts.

A nationwide assessment of community pharmacists' attitudes towards dispensing errors: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Dispensing errors (DEs) are common causes of preventable harm to patients. Interestingly, very little is known about their prevalence and types in the community pharmacy setting in Lebanon due to the lack of an effective reporting system. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists about the types of these errors in Lebanon, the factors behind their occurrence, the reasons for underreporting, and the current practices for reducing them.

Radiologist-Trained and -Tested (R2.2.4) Deep Learning Models for Identifying Anatomical Landmarks in Chest CT.

(1) Background: Optimal anatomic coverage is important for radiation-dose optimization. We trained and tested (R2.2.

Diverging levels of COVID-19 governmental response satisfaction across middle eastern Arab countries: a multinational study.

Background: Public acceptance of governmental measures are key to controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems for high-income countries as well as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The ability of LMICs to respond to the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic has been limited and may have affected the impact of governmental strategies to control the spread of COVID-19.

Primary Dysmenorrhea: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Updates.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common, disregarded, underdiagnosed, and inadequately treated complaint of both young and adult females. It is characterized by painful cramps in the lower abdomen, which start shortly before or at the onset of menses and which could last for 3 days. In particular, PD negatively impacts the quality of life (QOL) of young females and is the main reason behind their absenteeism from school or work.

Pediatric Hip Disorders: Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations.

Hip disorders are a wide range of conditions commonly affecting patients in the pediatric age group. Reaching an accurate diagnosis of these conditions in children may be challenging. The optimal use of image modalities in the approach of a child with possible hip pathology is essential, which allows radiologists and clinicians to narrow the differential diagnosis and reach a definitive diagnosis, which can consequently result in early and appropriate interventions leading to improved outcomes.

Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological conditions among young females, which has a significant negative impact on health-related quality of life and productivity. Despite its high prevalence, the evidence is limited regarding the management-seeking practices and its perceived effectiveness among females with PD.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 550 female students in six universities across Lebanon.

Imaging Modalities Employed in the TAVR Procedure With a Focus on CTA: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

Rationale And Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common valvular heart disease. Symptomatic AS is associated with a high mortality rate which prompts fast intervention. The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has drastically improved the outcome of high surgical risk for mortality patients with severe AS.

Provision of pharmaceutical care to suspected high-risk COVID-19 patients through telehealth: a nationwide simulated patient study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has overburdened the healthcare facilities, which demanded the use of alternative and effective methods for delivering healthcare services. The use of telehealth has become a necessity to provide initial health services.

Objective: To identify the pharmaceutical care provided by community pharmacists to suspected high-risk COVID-19 patients using telehealth.

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Case Series with Review of Literature.

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare condition defined by the presence of air in the mediastinum in the absence of traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Although the imaging findings and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported many times, there are few reports of the prevalence and outcomes of patients with SPM.

Purpose: In this paper, we aimed to illustrate the different manifestations, management, and outcome of three cases of SPM in COVID-19 patients and provide an extensive review available literature.