Analysis of permanent second molar development in children born with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: The study of dental development in individuals born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) serves to determine when orthodontic intervention should start. To evaluate the permanent second molar development in children born with cleft lip and palate according to Demirjian's and Nolla's methods.

Methodology: Out of a total of 513 digital panoramic radiographs, 113 pairs of children aged 3 to 16 years were selected.