Zoonotic bacteria in the vicinity of animal farms as a factor disturbing the human microbiome: a review.

This review is aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge about the relationship between environmental exposure to the bioaerosol emitted by intensive livestock farming and changes in the microbiome of people living in livestock farm vicinity. The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched by crossing keywords from the following 3 groups: a) "livestock," "animal farms," "animal breeding"; b) "microbiome," "resistome"; c) "livestock vicinity," "farm vicinity," "neighborhoods and health" in 2010-2022. Literature screening did not reveal any paper related to the full microbiome composition in the population studied.

Occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on animal farms and in their vicinity in Poland and Ukraine-review.

Intensive animal farming emits to the environment very high concentrations of bioaerosol, mainly composed of microorganisms, including antibiotics resistant strains, and their derivatives. Poland is a significant producer of poultry and swine in Europe; Ukraine is located in the immediate vicinity of Poland and the EU. Thus, the review focuses on the presence of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial genes in the environment of farms and food of animal origin in Poland and Ukraine.

[Harmful biological agents intentionally used in enterprises in Poland based on the National Register of Biological Agents].

Background: This work presents intentional use of harmful biological agents based on the National Register of Biological Agents (in Polish abbreviated as KRCB) as of July 2020.

Material And Methods: Generally, KRCB is a central database gathering notifications of intentional use of biological agents classified as risk groups 2-4 at work.

Results: Notifications were sent by 672 enterprises, including for diagnostic - 63%, research - 30% and industrial purposes - 7%.

Occupational exposure to in the wastewater treatment plants environment.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the occupational exposure to bacteria, including methicillin- resistant (MRSA) and other antibiotic-resistant strains in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) environment.

Material And Methods: In 16 WWTPs in Poland, 33 wastewater and 253 air samples were collected in the spring-summer season. The microbiological analysis was carried out using a chromogenic medium.

Combined effect of silver nanoparticles and aluminium chloride, butylparaben or diethylphthalate on the malignancy of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and tumor-specific immune responses of human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

The aim of this study was to assess whether silver nanoparticles (AgNP) or selected cosmetic ingredients may modify functions of various immunocompetent cell populations. To this end, the effect of two AgNP (size of 15 nm or 45 nm), alone and in combination with aluminium chloride, butyl paraben, di-n-butyl phthalate or diethyl phthalate was assessed on: (1) migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells; (2) M1/M2 polarization of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages (M0) and (3) activation/maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The results of this study showed that neither any of the test chemicals alone nor the mixtures significantly changed the migration or invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells following, both 72-h and 21-day exposure.

Airborne Staphylococcus aureus in different environments-a review.

The aim of the literature review was to describe the environments where the presence of airborne Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed and to catalogue the most often used methods and conditions of bioaerosol sampling to identify the bacteria. The basis for searching of studies on S. aureus in the bioaerosol in different environments was PubMed database resources from the years 1990-2019 (May).

Does the air condition system in busses spread allergic fungi into driver space?

The aim of this study was to establish whether the air-conditioning system in buses constitutes an additional source of indoor air contamination with fungi, and whether or not the fungi concentration depends on the period from the last disinfection of the system, combined with replacement of the cabin dust particle filter. The air samples to fungi analysis using impact method were taken in 30 buses (20 with an air-conditioning system, ACS; 10 with a ventilation system, VS) in two series: 1 and 22 weeks after cabin filter replacement and disinfection of the air-conditioning system. During one test in each bus were taken two samples: before the air-conditioning or ventilation system switched on and 6 min after operating of these systems.

Inhalable dust, endotoxins and (1-3)-β-d-glucans as indicators of exposure in waste sorting plant environment.

The aim of the study was to assess the levels of inhalable dust, endotoxins and (1-3)-β-d-glucans as agents harmful to the respiratory tract of workers of municipal waste sorting plants and interaction between these agents based on the measurements taken in two plants with different processing capacities. The study was conducted in summer season in two waste sorting plants (WSPs) differing in processing capacity. Samples of bioaerosol for inhalable dust (gravimetric method), endotoxins (LAL test in kinetic, chromogenic version) and (1-3)-β-d-glucans (Glucatell test in kinetic version) were collected from 42 sorting workers using individual aspirators with glass fiber filters during the work shift.

The capability of fungi isolated from moldy dwellings to produce toxins.

Objectives: The main objective was analysis and assessment of toxinogenic capabilities of fungi isolated from moldy surfaces in residential rooms in an urban agglomeration situated far from flooded areas in moderate climate zone.

Material And Methods: The assessment of environmental exposure to mycotoxins was carried out in samples collected from moldy surfaces in form of scrapings and airborne dust from 22 moldy dwellings in winter season. In each sample 2 mycotoxins were analyzed: sterigmatocystin and roquefortine C produced by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum, respectively.

Assessment of exposure to fungi in the heavily contaminated work environment (a solid waste sorting plant) based on the ergosterol analysis.

Objectives: This paper reports on the results of the study aimed at application of ergosterol as an quantitative indicator of fungal bioaerosol present in the indoor air in occupational environment heavily contaminated with organic dust as well as its comparison with the culturable method.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted in the indoor solid waste sorting plant. Using Andersen impactor adapted to 1 plate at the flow rate of 30 l/min, indoor air was sampled in the workers' breathing zone.

Visible fungi growth and dampness assessed using a questionnaire versus airborne fungi, (1→3)-β-D-glucan and fungal spore concentrations in flats.

Introduction: The study aimed at determination of the usefulness of the subjective assessment of selected signs of fungi growth in flats and microclimate parameters to indicate the actual air contamination with culturable fungi, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and fungal spores.

Material And Methods: This analysis covered 22 flats, the inhabitants of which declared in a questionnaire interview the presence of the developed mycelium on solid surfaces in the flat. Air samples for determination of the culturable fungi, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and (viable and non-viable) fungal spores concentrations indoor and outdoor the flats during the heating period were collected.