Study of Association of Erectile Dysfunction with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Correlation with Endothelial Dysfunction in an Indian Population.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged as a new health risk, and its associated metabolic derangements have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. In recent years, MS has been reported to affect reproductive health in males. It has been reported to be associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) and has been attributed to be due to endothelial dysfunction.

Low Serum Levels of Zinc, Selenium, and Vitamin D3 Are Biomarkers of Airway Inflammation and Poor Asthma Control: A Two-Centre Study.

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with its control being affected by underlying oxidative stress. Trace elements, along with vitamin D3, play an important role in immune alterations leading to an imbalance of Th1/Th2 helper cells. However, their role in asthma pathogenesis and control is inconsistent and inconclusive.

Clinical profile of ankylosing spondylitis at a teaching hospital.

Introduction/background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a type of spondyloarthropathy, is an autoimmune disease that mainly involves spine joints, sacroiliac joints and their adjacent soft tissues, such as tendons and ligaments. Progression of disease can lead to fibrosis and calcification, resulting in the loss of flexibility and mobility of the spine. The common clinical presentation is inflammatory back pain which is often neglected.

"Unconventional" Causes of Acute Kidney Injury: A Critical Nuance of Interpretation and Intervention.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common clinical problems encountered by physicians in day-to-day practice which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AKI is increasing so the right approach for interpretation of clinical clues and investigation may be lifesaving.

Aim: The study aimed to document the variety of unusual cases of AKI and suggest a case-based approach for clinical evaluation and investigations to help physicians treat such cases.

Leptospirosis in central & eastern Uttar Pradesh, an underreported disease: A prospective cross-sectional study.

Background & Objective: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease associated with potentially fatal consequences and a grossly underreported disease in Uttar Pradesh. However, only a few studies are available which report the prevalence of leptospirosis in this State. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the status of the disease in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Clinical-epidemiological Profile of Coronavirus Disease 19 Associated Mucomycosis (CAM) and Relation with Zinc and Iron Levels.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease associated mucormycosis (CAM), perturbed a lot by reaching to epidemic proportions particularly during the second wave of the pandemic.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19-associated mucomycosis admitted in April-May 2021 at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Demographic profile, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded Multidisciplinary treatment including antifungals and surgical interventions were noted.

Scrub typhus: An under-reported and emerging threat - hospital based study from central and eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background & Objectives: Scrub typhus is a zoonotic rickettsial disease that is transmitted by the bite of the larval stage (chiggers) of trombiculid mites. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of scrub typhus in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh, India in patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) presenting to a super specialty tertiary level institute.

Methods: This prospective hospital-based study was conducted for a period of one year, from August 2018 to July 2019.

Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a Marker of Renal Tubular Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Patients with Hyperuricemia.

Background: Hyperuricemia has been associated with chronic kidney disease, evidence suggests that hyperuricemiamight plays a role in progression of renal damage. Whether hyperuricemia can lead to renal tubular injury remains unclear. In this study we aimed to determine serum NGAL and urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio as markers of reanal tubular injury in metabolic syndrome patientshave hyper or normouricemia.

Follow-up Study of Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity and Radiological Changes after Recovery from Moderate to Severe COVID Pneumonia without Mechanical Ventilation.

Background: The long-term effects of COVID on the lungs remain unclear, but, given the extent of the pandemic, it has the potential to become a significant chronic global health problem .Aim of our study was to ascertain the proportion of patients with moderate to severe pneumonia but without mechanical ventilation who have compromised exercise capacity, pulmonary function test and presence of radiological abnormalities and to study any correlation between clinical features with radiological abnormalities.

Methods: In a hospital-based study, COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe pneumonia were followed 3 months after discharge and assessed with chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, 6 minute walk test and pulmonary function tests.

Study of Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors of Nephrolithiasis.

Background And Aim: The increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis in recent decades is coinciding with rising epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. This temporal concordance suggests that a link might exist between these metabolic abnormalities and urinary stone disease. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the association between presence of risk factors of nephrolithiasis and metabolic syndrome.

Clinical profile of malaria at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India.

Introduction: Despite recent reductions in the overall malaria case incidence, malaria remains an important public health issue. There has been a change in clinical and epidemiological profile of malaria in our country and vivax malaria known to be benign has been reported to cause severe complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to delineate the clinical profile of malaria, proportion of severity, spectrum of complications, and presence of comorbidities among adult patients admitted at a tertiary health-care center in North India.

Coronary Artery Calcium Score as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Patients of Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has assumed the status of an epidemic in the last century. High prevalence of diabetes in South Asian population and presence of other cardiovascular risk factors in this region, make up the relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes more pronounced. Keeping in view the high susceptibility of diabetic patients for CAD, these patients are recognized as a high risk group .

Association of Genetic Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Insulin Resistance-Are we Different?

Introduction: Metabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the development and progression of NAFLD genetic mutations also play a significant role. NAFLD associated with the rs 738409 polymorphism of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) G allele does not feature the typical metabolic abnormalities of NAFLD, including insulin resistance.

Association of Sonographically Assessed Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat with Insulin Resistance in Prediabetes.

Introduction: Visceral abdominal Fat, not Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat better correlates with insulin resistance. Hence the present study was undertaken to study the association of sonographically assessed visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat with insulin resistance in patients with pre-diabetes.

Material And Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study done in prediabetes subjects.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate in Tubercular Meningitis: Diagnostic or Prognostic Marker?

Introduction/background: Diagnosis of tubercular meningitis (TBM) continues to be a clinical challenge and available microbiological tests fail to attain the required accuracy standards. As a result, most guidelines for the diagnosis and management of TBM depend on clinical setting, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses including adenosine deaminase activity (ADA), and imaging to guide decisionmaking. Delay in diagnosis leads to high mortality and morbidity.

Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin: As a Predictor of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study was carried out to look for diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes individuals. NGAL was measured in both urinary and serum sample of 144 type 2 diabetes individuals stratified into three categories based on urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and 54 control populations with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m and serum creatinine <1.

Cardio-metabolic Risk Profile in Women with Previous History of Pre-Eclampsia.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However there is growing evidence that there are differences during the post partum period between subjects with prior preeclampsia and prior uncomplicated pregnancy and women with a history of preeclampsia are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease later in life. The aim of our study was to assess the cardio- metabolic risk profile in women with previous history of pre-eclampsia and to their counterparts who had normal pregnancy.

Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C as early markers of diabetic nephropathy.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of concern because of its increasing prevalence rate and related microvascular as well as macrovascular complications, including kidney disease. Microalbuminuria has been accepted as the earliest marker for diabetic nephropathy; however, a large proportion of renal impairment occurs in nonalbuminuric state. We planned to investigate the serum and urinary levels of the tubular damage markers (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL] and cystatin C [Cys C]) in patients of type 2 diabetes to detect early kidney injury.

Soft Drinks Consumption and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Introduction: The increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been implicated in the increased incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome Little of the research on sugar-sweetened beverage intake has examined the consumption patterns of sugared beverages by college students, despite the vulnerabilities of this population to weight gain. The current study sought to characterize sugar-sweetened beverage intake of undergraduate students who belong to high socio-economic strata and to study its correlation with presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Material And Methods: In a cross sectional, a self reported questionnaire based study about soft drink consumption (≥2/day, 1/day, <1/day).

Study of Vitamin D Status in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy at a Teaching Hospital in North India.

Background/introduction: Recent studies have indicated a much broader role to Vitamin D than simply the regulation of calcium metabolism alone. Vitamin D likely confers physiologically relevant pleiotropic functions that include cardioprotective and immunomodulatory effect, and its deficiency could lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure.

Aim: The aim of our work was to evaluate the presence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and to study any correlation of echocardiographic parameters with Vitamin D deficiency.

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Eunatremic Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is classically associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia. However, it can occur in normonatremic patients with other electrolyte abnormalities. One must suspect osmotic demyelination syndrome in susceptible patients with other electrolyte abnormalities like hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia.

Simple Renal Cysts: Can They be Overlooked?

Background / Objective: The availability and use of abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography for diagnostic purposes has led to frequent detection of asymptomatic renal cysts. Recent evidence suggests their association with hypertension. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of simple renal cysts in patients with hypertension and prehypertension.

Study of Hepatic Osteodystrophy in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.

Introduction: Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It involves haemodynamic and metabolic complications. Hepatic Osteodystrophy is a metabolic bone disease that may occur in individuals with chronic liver disease.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Medical Patients at a Teaching Hospital in North India.

Background: While vitamin D is critical for calcium homeostasis, current literature also highlight role of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in diseases other than the metabolic bone disorders. Only few studies on role of vitamin D in tuberculosis have been done in Asian populations. There is paucity of literature addressing this issue in Indian population as well.

Endothelial Dysfunction by Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: The last few years have seen a phenomenal increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cardiovascular disease remains the most important cause of death in these patients.The present study was conducted to evaluate endothelial dysfunction in CKD patients as compared with controls.