Cervical cytology in vulnerable pregnant women.

Purpose: To identify the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolau (Pap) smears in pregnancy in a vulnerable urban family practice, determine the percentage of abnormal Pap smears that persist into the postpartum period, and identify associated risk factors.

Data Sources: A retrospective chart review of all prenatal patients (N = 192) from a large urban family practice in upstate New York from 2000 to 2004. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed on demographic information, risk factors for abnormal Pap smears, and disposition of the patients.

Cigarette smoking is associated with conversion from normoglycemia to impaired fasting glucose: the Western New York Health Study.

Purpose: To determine whether cigarette smoking is associated with the conversion from normoglycemia to impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Methods: During the years 2003 and 2004, 1,455 participants (mean age, 56.5 years; range, 35-79 years) from the Western New York Health Study who were free of type 2 diabetes and known cardiovascular disease at baseline (1996-2001) were reexamined (68% response rate).

Survey on addictions: toward curricular change for family nurse practitioners.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a survey of advanced practice nurses (APNs) to determine the activities they perform related to caring for patients with addictions and or co-occurring mental health disorders, the amount of addictions education in their graduate programs, and their perceptions of the value of addictions education for their role. Data were obtained from 233 APNs in New York State using a tool adapted from a previous job analysis survey. APNs reported the greatest amount of experience in history taking for various types of addictions and co-occurring mental health disorders and least amount of experience in performing objective exams, using standardized screening tools, ordering related diagnostic tests, prescribing pharmacological treatments, and making referrals for addiction treatment.

Additional contribution of emerging risk factors to the prediction of the risk of type 2 diabetes: evidence from the Western New York Study.

Objective: To examine whether several biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation improve prediction of type 2 diabetes over 5.9 years of follow-up, independent of traditional risk factors.

Methods And Procedures: A total of 1,455 participants from the Western New York Study, free of type 2 diabetes at baseline, were selected.

Elevated cystatin C concentration and progression to pre-diabetes: the Western New York study.

Objective: We conducted a nested case-control investigation to examine whether elevated baseline concentrations of cystatin C predicted progression from normoglycemia to pre-diabetes over 6 years of follow-up from the Western New York Health Study.

Research Design And Methods: In 2002-2004, 1,455 participants from the Western New York Health Study, who were free of type 2 diabetes and known cardiovascular disease at baseline (1996-2001), were reexamined. An incident case of pre-diabetes was defined as an individual with fasting glucose < 100 mg/dl at the baseline examination and > or = 100 and < or = 125 mg/dl at the follow-up examination, thereby eliminating individuals with prevalent pre-diabetics.

Sex differences in endothelial function markers before conversion to pre-diabetes: does the clock start ticking earlier among women? The Western New York Study.

Objective: We examined whether biomarkers of endothelial function, fibrinolysis/thrombosis and adiponectin, predict the progression from normal to pre-diabetes more strongly among women than men over 6 years of follow-up from the Western New York Health Study.

Research Design And Methods: In 2002-2004, 1,455 participants from the Western New York Health Study, who were free of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline (1996-2001), were selected for reexamination. An incident case of pre-diabetes was defined as fasting glucose <100 mg/dl at the baseline examination and > or =100 and <126 mg/dl at the follow-up examination.