Accelerating systems thinking in health: Perspectives from the region of the Americas.

Introduction: The Systems Thinking Accelerator (SYSTAC) is a community to engage, connect and collaborate to elevate the field of systems thinking with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the need to identify existing capacities within research and at the practice level. The study aimed to explore if there is a perceived need for and benefit from the application of Systems Thinking tools for analysis and diagnosis of problem-solving within Healthcare in the Region of the Americas in 2021 and the existing capabilities.

Methods: The identification and deconstruction of the needs, demands, and opportunities regarding systems thinking in the Americas were approached by: (i) adapting the tools and Systems Thinking definition to reflect regional nuances, (ii) identifying stakeholder exercise, (iii) needs assessment survey distribution, (iv) stakeholder mapping analysis, (v) workshop.

Rehabilitation psychology: 2020 state of the field survey.

Purpose/objective: To date, there are no published formal surveys of the "state of the field" of Rehabilitation Psychology in terms of education, training, practice patterns, professional identity, and relative salary and income structures for those who identify as Rehabilitation Psychologists.

Research Method/design: In an effort to gather this information, the Practice Committee of APA Division 22 (Rehabilitation Psychology) conducted a convenience-sample survey of its listserv subscribers to obtain a representation of Rehabilitation Psychologists across the United States, and a depiction of the fields in which they work.

Results: There were 282 respondents to the survey.

Psychologist leadership on inpatient rehabilitation teams: Organizational science in practice.

Purpose/objective: Teams are a critical part of modern health care, particularly in rehabilitation settings where multiple providers with different backgrounds and training work toward common goals. Rehabilitation psychologists have a legacy of providing leadership and influence for complex teams. Knowledge of interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary systems, leadership within those systems, and consultation across disciplines are foundational competencies for rehabilitation psychologists.

Team models in neurorehabilitation: structure, function, and culture change.

Introduction: Neurorehabilitation requires a team effort. Over time the nature of teams has evolved from single discipline work through multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary teams to trans-disciplinary teams. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature and clinical practice as to the structure and function of these team models.

A prospective assessment of dietary patterns in Muslim subjects with type 2 diabetes who undertake fasting during Ramadan.

Aims: The aim was to assess the dietary pattern during Ramadan season among type 2 diabetic Muslim subjects who underwent fasting and intensive dietary counseling.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted among 70 Muslim subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who undertook fasting during Ramadan and was part of a randomized control trial using pioglitazone published previously. All subjects were subjected to a dietary assessment and counseling at three stages, i.

Born with low birth weight in rural Southern India: what are the metabolic consequences 20 years later?

Objective: Low birth weight (LBW) is common in the Indian population and may represent an important predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Intensive metabolic examinations in ethnic LBW Asian Indians have been almost exclusively performed in immigrants living outside India. Therefore, we aimed to study the metabolic impact of being born with LBW in a rural non-migrant Indian population.

Functional antagonism by monoclonal antibody to digoxin in the guinea-pig atria.

A monoclonal antibody with a high affinity for digoxin (Ka = 1.14 X 10(9) M) was produced by somatic cell fusion. This antibody, designated 35/6.

Immunoregulation in an isolated 12-year-old boy with congenital severe combined immunodeficiency.

We report the evaluation of in vitro immunoregulation in a 12-year-old untreated boy with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Severely hypogammaglobulinemic, the patient was incapable of a specific antibody response to either natural substances or administered antigens. Ficoll-Hypaque-isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNL) from the patient failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) with the normal increment in immunoglobulin-secreting cells, as measured by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay.

Caries levels in patients with juvenile periodontitis.

The degree and distribution of tooth decay in a group of juvenile periodontitis ( JP ) patients were compared with tooth decay in an age- and sex-matched periodontally normal control group. The experimental group was comprised of 13 patients of no more than 20 years of age who were designated as localized juvenile periodontitis patients ( LJP ) according to the definition of Baer, and 10 patients of no more than 25 years of age who were designated as generalized juvenile periodontitis patients ( GJP ), as described by Manson and Lehner . Twenty-three age- and sex-matched patients with no periodontal disease served as the control group.

Strategy use, recall, and recall organization in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults.

The application and transfer of free recall study strategies were examined for young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Subjects were either instructed to use clustering and imagery, instructed to use their own study strategies, or given standard free recall instructions. Subjects at all age levels showed high initial use of categorization and low initial use of imagery.

Hereditary abnormalities of the OKT4 human lymphocyte epitope in two families.

The lymphocytes of two unrelated black individuals exhibited no immunofluorescent staining by a monoclonal antibody, OKT4, that reacts with T helper/inducer cells, but the lymphocytes reacted normally with four other monoclonal antibodies that identify T helper cells. Four first-degree relatives of these individuals were available for study. They had a normal proportion of OKT4+ lymphocytes but these cells had approximately half the normal number of OKT4 sites.

Neutral glycolipid antigens as developmental markers of mouse teratocarcinoma and early embryos: an immunologic and chemical analysis.

Purified rabbit antibodies to neutral glycolipids were analyzed for their binding to mouse embryonal carcinoma cells (ECC) and preimplantation mouse embryos. Antibodies to globotetraosylceramide first bind to 2 to 4-cell embryos and reach a peak of staining intensity with morulae, whereas anti-Forssman antibodies first bind to late morulae and then, most intensely, to early blastocysts. We compared the binding of a monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody with that of rabbit anti-Forssman antibodies and show that although they react similarly with ECC, they do not do so with morulae: The monoclonal antibody stained weakly and unevenly, whereas the rabbit antiserum produced a uniformly bright immunofluorescent staining.

Glycosphingolipids of K562 cells: a chemical and immunological analysis.

The K562 cell line, which was established from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, was thought to be myeloid, but recent data indicate that it is an undifferentiated erythroid cell line. We have found that the glycosphingolipid content of these cells differs considerably from that of mature erythrocytes. Globotetraosylceramide, the most abundant glycolipid of mature red cells, was not detected in K562 cells, and neither was globotriaosylceramide.

Immunochemical relationship between Forssman and globoside glycolipid antigens.

The rabbit antibody response to the human blood group P glycolipid antigen, globoside, GalNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer, has been examined with respect to cross-reactions with the structurally related Forssman glycolipid GalNAc(alpha 1-3)GalNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer. Immunoadsorbent columns were used to isolate three purified antibody populations from the anti-globoside sera: (1) fraction A, antibodies that cross-react with both glycolipids; (2) fraction B, antibodies that react with Forssman antigen but not with globoside; and (3) fraction C, antibodies that are specific for globoside. The proportion of each fraction in the total antibody response to globoside appears to be related to preexisting immunity to these antigens.

Specific antibodies to hemoglobin A1 (anti-Glu) and hemoglobin S (anti-Val) in the guinea pig: immunologic and structural correlations.

Like goats and sheep, guinea pigs can produce, in response to human sickle cell hemoglobin (beta6 Glu leads to Val), an antibody population (anti-Val) that will bind sickle cell hemoglobin but not normal hemoglobin HbA. Unlike goats and sheep, guinea pigs can produce in response to human hemoglobin A1 an antibody fraction, anti-Glu, that will not react with human sickle cell hemoglobin. These anti-Glu antibodies have been isolated by affinity chromatography and their specificity confirmed by fluorescence-quenching titrations.

Idiotypic cross-reactivity between antibodies of different specificities.

Cross-idiotypic specificity has been demonstrated between antibody populations of different specificities using antibodies directed toward human sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS). A site-specific antibody directed toward the beta6-position of HbS, anti-Val, was used to elicit an anti-idiotypic response in rabbits. Using this anti-idiotypic serum, idiotypic cross-reactivity was demonstrated between antibody populations that bind to human adult hemoglobin (HbA).

Evolution of an idiotypic determinant: anti-Val.

An antibody population which reacts only with human sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) and not with normal human hemoglobin, has been isolated from goat, sheep, and guinea pig antisera. These antibody populations termed anti-Val (Val), isolated from an individual goat (no. 6) and sheep (no.