Products of Selenite/Thiols Interaction Have Reducing Properties, Cleave Plasmid DNA and Decrease Rat Blood Pressure and Tension of Rat Mesenteric Artery.

Selenium compounds exert their antioxidant activity mostly when the selenium atom is incorporated into selenoproteins. In our work, we tested the possibility that selenite itself interacts with thiols to form active species that have reducing properties. Therefore, we studied the reduction of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yloxy-3-oxide radical (cPTIO), damage of plasmid DNA (pDNA), modulation of rat hemodynamic parameters and tension of isolated arteries induced by products of interaction of selenite with thiols.

Use of a rat model to characterize 35 arterial pulse wave parameters in a comparative study of isoflurane and Zoletil/xylazine anesthesia and the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract.

Background: Information obtained from arterial pulse waveforms (APW) can be useful for characterizing the cardiovascular system. To achieve this, it is necessary to know the detailed characteristics of APWs in different states of an organism, which would allow APW parameters (APW-Ps) to be assigned to particular (patho)physiological conditions. Therefore, our work aimed to characterize 35 APW-Ps in rats under the influence of isoflurane (ISO) and Zoletil/xylazine (ZO/XY) anesthesia and to study the effect of root extract from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASRE) in these anesthetic conditions.

The Phthalic Selenoanhydride Decreases Rat Blood Pressure and Tension of Isolated Mesenteric, Femoral and Renal Arteries.

Phthalic selenoanhydride (R-Se) solved in physiological buffer releases various reactive selenium species including HSe. It is a potential compound for Se supplementation which exerts several biological effects, but its effect on the cardiovascular system is still unknown. Therefore, herein we aimed to study how R-Se affects rat hemodynamic parameters and vasoactive properties in isolated arteries.

Extract of and Its Components Interacting with Sulfide, Cysteine and Glutathione Increase Their Antioxidant Potencies and Inhibit Polysulfide-Induced Cleavage of Plasmid DNA.

Aqueous root extract from (ASRE) has a wide range of medicinal effects. The present work was aimed at studying the influence of sulfide, cysteine and glutathione on the antioxidant properties of ASRE and some of its selected phytochemical components. Reduction of the 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yloxy-3-oxide (cPTIO) stable radical and plasmid DNA (pDNA) cleavage in vitro assays were used to evaluate antioxidant and DNA-damaging properties of ASRE and its individual components.

EPR Study of KO as a Source of Superoxide and BMPO-OH/OOH Radical That Cleaves Plasmid DNA and Detects Radical Interaction with HS and Se-Derivatives.

Superoxide radical anion (O) and its derivatives regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes, which are extensively studied. The aim of our work was to utilize KO as a source of O and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping 5--butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline -oxide (BMPO) technique for the preparation of BMPO-OOH and/or BMPO-OH radicals in water solution without DMSO. The method distinguishes the interactions of various compounds with BMPO-OOH and/or BMPO-OH radicals over time.

The impact of gut microbiota metabolites on cellular bioenergetics and cardiometabolic health.

Recent research demonstrates a reciprocal relationship between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the host in controlling the energy homeostasis in mammals. On the one hand, to thrive, gut bacteria exploit nutrients digested by the host. On the other hand, the host utilizes numerous products of gut bacteria metabolism as a substrate for ATP production in the colon.

Cardiovascular "Patterns" of HS and SSNO-Mix Evaluated from 35 Rat Hemodynamic Parameters.

This work is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to characterize the cardiovascular system just from the detailed shape of the arterial pulse waveform (APW). Since HS, NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and their HS/GSNO products (SSNO-mix) have numerous biological actions, we aimed to compare their effects on APW and to find characteristic "patterns" of their actions. The right jugular vein of anesthetized rats was cannulated for i.

BMPO-OOH Spin-Adduct as a Model for Study of Decomposition of Organic Hydroperoxides and the Effects of Sulfide/Selenite Derivatives. An EPR Spin-Trapping Approach.

Lipid hydroperoxides play an important role in various pathophysiological processes. Therefore, a simple model for organic hydroperoxides could be helpful to monitor the biologic effects of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping technique is a useful method to study superoxide (O) and hydroxyl radicals.

Characterization of Rat Cardiovascular System by Anacrotic/Dicrotic Notches in the Condition of Increase/Decrease of NO Bioavailability.

We characterized modes of action of NO-donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and NO-synthase inhibitor l-NAME derived from dicrotic (DiN) and anacrotic (AnN) notches of rat arterial pulse waveform (APW) in the condition of increased/decreased NO bioavailability. The cross-relationship patterns of DiN and AnN with 34 hemodynamic parameters (HPs) induced by GSNO and l-NAME are presented. After GSNO bolus administration, approximate non-hysteresis relationships were observed in the difference between DiN-AnN (mmHg) blood pressure (BP) and other 19 HPs, suggesting that these HPs, i.

Patterns and Direct/Indirect Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular System in the Condition of Transient Increase of NO.

Aim: To study "patterns" and connections of signaling pathways derived from the rat arterial pulse waveform (APW) under the condition of transient NO increase.

Methods And Results: The right jugular vein of anesthetized Wistar rats was cannulated for administration of NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione. The left carotid artery was cannulated to detect APW.

Products of Sulfide/Selenite Interaction Possess Antioxidant Properties, Scavenge Superoxide-Derived Radicals, React with DNA, and Modulate Blood Pressure and Tension of Isolated Thoracic Aorta.

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, and hydrogen sulfide (HS), an endogenously produced signalling molecule, affect many physiological and pathological processes. However, the biological effects of their mutual interaction have not yet been investigated. Herein, we have studied the biological and antioxidant effects of the products of the HS (NaS)/selenite (NaSeO) interaction.

Mathematical relationships of patterns of 35 rat haemodynamic parameters for conditions of hypertension resulting from decreased nitric oxide bioavailability.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Can the cross-relationship between 35 rat arterial pulse waveform (APW) parameters be described by known mathematical functions and can mathematical parameters be obtained for conditions in a model of hypertension resulting from decreased NO bioavailability? What is the main finding and its importance? Mathematical functions and their parameters were obtained that approximate the cross-relationships of 35 APW parameters to systolic blood pressure and to the augmentation index in conditions of decreased NO bioavailability. The results enable APW parameters to be assigned to decreased NO bioavailability, which may have predictive or diagnostic value.

Abstract: Information obtained from the arterial pulse waveform (APW) using haemodynamic parameters (HPs) is useful for characterization of the cardiovascular system in particular (patho)physiological conditions.

Type 1 Sodium Calcium Exchanger Forms a Complex with Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Via Reverse Mode Activity Contributes to pH Control in Hypoxic Tumors.

Hypoxia and acidosis are among the key microenvironmental factors that contribute to cancer progression. We have explored a possibility that the type 1Na/Ca exchanger (NCX1) is involved in pH control in hypoxic tumors. We focused on changes in intracellular pH, co-localization of NCX1, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and sodium proton exchanger type 1 (NHE1) by proximity ligation assay, immunoprecipitation, spheroid formation assay and migration of cells due to treatment with KB-R7943, a selective inhibitor of the reverse-mode NCX1.

In Vivo Measurement of HS, Polysulfides, and "SSNO Mix"-Mediated Vasoactive Responses and Evaluation of Ten Hemodynamic Parameters from Rat Arterial Pulse Waveform.

The chapter describes protocols and pitfalls in in vivo studies of drug effects on anesthetized rats. It focuses on the preparation of NaS, NaS, and "SSNO mix" solutions for rat intravenous administration, surgical preparation of jugular vein for drug administration, and preparation of carotid and tail arteries for recording of arterial pulse waveform (APW) at high resolution. It describes evaluation of ten hemodynamic parameters from APW and measurement of apparent pulse wave velocity.

Inorganic Polysulfides and Related Reactive Sulfur–Selenium Species from the Perspective of Chemistry.

Polysulfides (H₂S) represent a class of reactive sulfur species (RSS) which includes molecules such as H₂S₂, H₂S₃, H₂S₄, and H₂S and whose presence and impact in biological systems, when compared to other sulfur compounds, has only recently attracted the wider attention of researchers. Studies in this field have revealed a facet-rich chemistry and biological activity associated with such chemically simple, still unusual inorganic molecules. Despite their chemical simplicity, these inorganic species, as reductants and oxidants, metal binders, surfactant-like "cork screws" for membranes, components of perthiol signalling and reservoirs for inorganic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), are at the centre of complicated formation and transformation pathways which affect numerous cellular processes.

Sulfide (Na₂S) and Polysulfide (Na₂S₂) Interacting with Doxycycline Produce/Scavenge Superoxide and Hydroxyl Radicals and Induce/Inhibit DNA Cleavage.

Doxycycline (DOXY) is an antibiotic routinely prescribed in human and veterinary medicine for antibacterial treatment, but it has also numerous side effects that include oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer or hypoxia-induced injury. Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and polysulfides affect similar biological processes, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role. Herein, we have studied the interaction of DOXY with H₂S (Na₂S) or polysulfides (Na₂S₂, Na₂S₃ and Na₂S₄) to gain insights into the biological effects of intermediates/products that they generate.

Sodium/calcium exchanger is involved in apoptosis induced by HS in tumor cells through decreased levels of intracellular pH.

We explored possibility that sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1) is involved in pH modulation and apoptosis induction in GYY4137 treated cells. We have shown that although 10 days treatment with GYY4137 did not significantly decreased volume of tumors induced by colorectal cancer DLD1 cells in nude mice, it already induced apoptosis in these tumors. Treatment of DLD1 and ovarian cancer A2780 cells with GYY4137 resulted in intracellular acidification in a concentration-dependent manner.

Endogenous HS producing enzymes are involved in apoptosis induction in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Knowledge about the expression and thus a role of enzymes that produce endogenous HS - cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase - in renal tumors is still controversial. In this study we aimed to determine the expression of these enzymes relatively to the expression in unaffected part of kidney from the same patient and to found relation of these changes to apoptosis. To evaluate patient's samples, microarray and immunohistochemistry was used.

Polysulfides and products of HS/S-nitrosoglutathione in comparison to HS, glutathione and antioxidant Trolox are potent scavengers of superoxide anion radical and produce hydroxyl radical by decomposition of HO.

Exogenous and endogenously produced sulfide derivatives, such as HS/HS/S, polysulfides and products of the HS/S-nitrosoglutathione interaction (S/GSNO), affect numerous biological processes in which superoxide anion (O) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals play an important role. Their cytoprotective-antioxidant and contrasting pro-oxidant-toxic effects have been reported. Therefore, the aim of our work was to contribute to resolving this apparent inconsistency by studying sulfide derivatives/free radical interactions and their consequent biological effects compared to the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and Trolox.

Parenteral NaS, a fast-releasing HS donor, but not GYY4137, a slow-releasing HS donor, lowers blood pressure in rats.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is involved in blood pressure regulation. We evaluated hemodynamic effects of NaS and morpholin-4-ium (4-methoxyphenyl)(morpholino)phosphinodithioate (GYY4137), HS donors. GYY4137 is the most widely studied slow-releasing HS donor, however, its ability to release HS under physiological conditions is unclear.

Inorganic Reactive Sulfur-Nitrogen Species: Intricate Release Mechanisms or Cacophony in Yellow, Blue and Red?

Since the heydays of Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS) research during the first decade of the Millennium, numerous sulfur species involved in cellular regulation and signalling have been discovered. Yet despite the general predominance of organic species in organisms, recent years have also seen the emergence of inorganic reactive sulfur species, ranging from inorganic polysulfides (HS/S) to thionitrous acid (HSNO) and nitrosopersulfide (SSNO). These inorganic species engage in a complex interplay of reactions in vitro and possibly also in vivo.

Mathematical relationships and their consequences between rat pulse waveform parameters and blood pressure during decreasing NO bioavailability.

What is the central question of this study? We wanted to find out whether the relationship between rat arterial pulse waveform (APW) parameters and blood pressure could be described by known mathematical functions and find mathematical parameters for conditions of hypertension resulting from decreased NO bioavailability. What is the main finding and its importance? We found mathematical functions and their parameters that approximate the relationships of 12 APW parameters to systolic and diastolic blood pressure in conditions of decreased NO bioavailability. The results may assign APW parameters to decreased NO bioavailability, which may have predictive or diagnostic value.

Intracolonic hydrogen sulfide lowers blood pressure in rats.

Research suggests that hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important biological mediator involved in various physiological processes including the regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP). Although HS is abundant in the colon, the effects of gut-derived HS on the circulatory system have not yet been investigated. We studied the effects of intracolonic administration of NaS, a HS donor, on systemic hemodynamics.

Key bioactive reaction products of the NO/H2S interaction are S/N-hybrid species, polysulfides, and nitroxyl.

Experimental evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling pathways are intimately intertwined, with mutual attenuation or potentiation of biological responses in the cardiovascular system and elsewhere. The chemical basis of this interaction is elusive. Moreover, polysulfides recently emerged as potential mediators of H2S/sulfide signaling, but their biosynthesis and relationship to NO remain enigmatic.

Effects of AP39, a novel triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione hydrogen sulfide donor, on rat haemodynamic parameters and chloride and calcium Cav3 and RyR2 channels.

H2S donor molecules have the potential to be viable therapeutic agents. The aim of this current study was (i) to investigate the effects of a novel triphenylphosphonium derivatised dithiolethione (AP39), in the presence and absence of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and (ii) to determine the effects of AP39 on myocardial membrane channels; CaV3, RyR2 and Cl(-). Normotensive, L-NAME- or phenylephrine-treated rats were administered Na2S, AP39 or control compounds (AP219 and ADT-OH) (0.