Effect of cellular senescence on the response of human peritoneal mesothelial cells to TGF-β.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is implicated in both mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) and cellular senescence of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). We previously showed that senescent HPMCs could spontaneously acquire some phenotypic features of MMT, which in young HPMCs were induced by TGF-β. Here, we used electron microscopy, as well as global gene and protein profiling to assess in detail how exposure to TGF-β impacts on young and senescent HPMCs in vitro.

The effects of exposure to and timing of a choline-deficient diet during pregnancy and early postnatal life on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of the offspring.

Background & Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to muscle loss, but the precise mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. The aim of the present study was thus to determine the influence of maternal fatty liver and dietary choline deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation periods on the skeletal muscle gene expression profile among 24-day-old male rat offspring.

Methods: Histological examination of skeletal muscle tissue specimens obtained from offspring of dams suffering from fatty liver, provided with proper choline intake during pregnancy and lactation (NN), fed a choline-deficient diet during both periods (DD), deprived of choline only during pregnancy (DN), or only during lactation (ND), was performed.

Deregulated Transcriptome as a Platform for Adrenal Huntington's Disease-Related Pathology.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects mainly the central nervous system (CNS) by inducing progressive deterioration in both its structure and function. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the impact of HD on peripheral tissue function. Herein, we used the R6/2 mouse model of HD to investigate the influence of the disease on adrenal gland functioning.

Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

The discovery of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) has provided a new perspective on mitochondrial function. MDPs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can act as hormone-like peptides, influencing cell survival and proliferation. Among these peptides, humanin has been identified as a crucial factor for maintaining cell survival and preventing cell death under various conditions.

Impact of Classic Adrenal Secretagogues on mRNA Levels of Urotensin II and Its Receptor in Adrenal Gland of Rats.

Urotensin 2 (Uts2) is a biologically active peptide involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In both the human and rat adrenal gland, the expressions of the Uts2 gene and its receptor (Uts2r) have been described. This paper focuses on the description of the hormonal control of the mRNA levels of urotensin II and its receptor in the adrenal gland of the rat, both in vitro and in vivo.

Gene expression profile of hiPSC-derived cells differentiated with growth factors, forskolin and conditioned medium from human adrenocortical cell line.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) affects approx. 2 in 1,000,000 individuals in the USA, and is more common in females than males. Adrenocortical carcinoma often presents with severe symptoms, such as abdominal pain, high blood pressure, acne, hair overgrowth, and voice deepening.

Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Regulating the Stemness in Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture.

Heart failure remains a major cause of death worldwide. There is a need to establish new management options as current treatment is frequently suboptimal. Clinical approaches based on autologous stem cell transplant is potentially a good alternative.

Transcriptome Profile of the Rat Adrenal Gland: Parenchymal and Interstitial Cells.

The homeostasis of the adrenal gland plays a decisive role in its proper functioning, both in non-stressful conditions and under the influence of various types of stress. This consists of interactions between all types of cells that make up the organ, including parenchymal and interstitial cells. The amount of available information on this subject in the rat adrenal glands under non-stressful conditions is insufficient; the aim of the research was to determine the expression of marker genes for rat adrenal cells depending on their location.

Transcriptomic Profile of Genes Regulating the Structural Organization of Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture.

Numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD) eventually lead to severe myocardial dysfunction, which is the most common cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular pathologies seems to be crucial to develop effective therapeutic options. Therefore, a worthwhile endeavor is a detailed molecular characterization of cells extracted from the myocardium.

Cellular Damage in the Target and Out-Of-Field Peripheral Organs during VMAT SBRT Prostate Radiotherapy: An In Vitro Phantom-Based Study.

Hypo-fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an effective treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). Although many studies have investigated the effects of SBRT on the prostate and adjacent organs, little is known about the effects further out-of-field. The aim of this study was to investigate, both in vitro and in a quasi-humanoid phantom, the biological effects (using a dose-scaling approach) of radiation in the out-of-field peripheral organs delivered by 6 MV volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SBRT in a prostate cancer model.

The Profile of MicroRNA Expression and Potential Role in the Regulation of Drug-Resistant Genes in Doxorubicin and Topotecan Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines.

Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among all gynecological malignancies. The main reasons for high mortality are late diagnosis and development of resistance to chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs can result from altered expression of drug-resistance genes regulated by miRNA.

Lichen Secondary Metabolites Inhibit the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells and Improve the Anticancer Effects of Temozolomide.

Lichens are a source of secondary metabolites with significant pharmacological potential. Data regarding their possible application in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment are, however, scarce. The study aimed at analyzing the mechanism of action of six lichen secondary metabolites: atranorin, caperatic acid, physodic acid, squamatic acid, salazinic acid, and lecanoric acid using two- and three-dimensional GBM cell line models.

Effects of Galp and alarin peptides on HPA axis gene expression and adrenal function: In vivo experiments.

Background: Many experimental data indicate interactions between peptides involved in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and adrenocortical hormone release. Glucocorticoids stimulate or inhibit the secretion of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, which in turn are involved in the regulation of adrenal growth, structure and function. Galanin-like peptide (Galp) and alarin (Ala) are involved in the regulation of food intake.

Biological response of adrenal carcinoma and melanoma cells to mitotane treatment.

A previous case report described an adrenal incidentaloma initially misdiagnosed as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), which was treated with mitotane. The final diagnosis was metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin. However, the patient developed rapid disease progression after mitotane withdrawal, suggesting a protective role for mitotane in a non-adrenal-derived tumor.

Gene Ontology Groups and Signaling Pathways Regulating the Process of Avian Satellite Cell Differentiation.

Modern science is becoming increasingly committed to environmentally friendly solutions, mitigating the impact of the developing human civilisation on the environment. One of the leading fields aimed at sustainable agriculture is in vitro meat production. Cellular agriculture aims to provide a source of animal-free meat products, which would decrease worldwide nutritional dependency on animal husbandry, thereby reducing the significant impact of this industry on Earth's climate.

The Profile of MicroRNA Expression and Potential Role in the Regulation of Drug-Resistant Genes in Cisplatin- and Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The high mortality results from late diagnosis and the development of drug resistance. Drug resistance results from changes in the expression of different drug-resistance genes that may be regulated miRNA.

MVP Expression Facilitates Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration Supporting the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Cancer cells show significant dysregulation of genes expression, which may favor their survival in the tumor environment. In this study, the cellular vault's components MVP (major vault protein), TEP1 (telomerase-associated protein 1) and vPARP (vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) were transiently or completely inhibited in U2OS cells (human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cells) to evaluate their impact on the cell proliferative and migratory capacity as well as on the development of their resistance to the drug vinorelbine. Comparative analysis of MVP protein expression level in normal colon tissue, primary colorectal tumor, and metastasis showed that the expression of this protein does not increase significantly in the primary tumor, but its expression increases in metastatic cells.

Transcriptomic Profile of New Gene Markers Encoding Proteins Responsible for Structure of Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in granulosa cells is functionally very important, and it is involved in many processes related to ovarian follicle growth and ovulation. The aim of this study was to describe the expression profile of genes within granulosa cells that are associated with extracellular matrix formation, intercellular signaling, and cell-cell fusion. The material for this study was ovaries of sexually mature pigs obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse.

Expression Profile of New Gene Markers and Signaling Pathways Involved in Immunological Processes in Human Cumulus-Oophorus Cells.

The function of the immune system extends from defense against external pathogens to the recognition and elimination of mutated or dying cells, aiding elimination of malignant potential and/or maintaining homeostasis. The many cell types of the immune system secrete a broad range of factors to enable cellular signaling that is vital to physiological processes. Additionally, in the ovary, follicular selection and maturation, as well as ovulation, are directly regulated by the nearby immune cells.

Expression Profile of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Regulation of Vasculature Development and Heart Muscle Morphogenesis-A Transcriptomic Approach Based on a Porcine Model.

Despite significant advances in treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) many subjects still develop heart failure due to significantly reduced ejection fraction. Currently, there are no commonly available treatment strategies that replace the infarcted/dysfunctional myocardium. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control the regeneration of the heart muscle is important.

Extracellular Nampt (eNampt/visfatin/PBEF) directly and indirectly stimulates ACTH and CCL2 protein secretion from isolated rat corticotropes.

Background: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt/visfatin/PBEF) acts both as an enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis pathway as well as an extracellular hormone (eNampt). Among its effects, eNampt exerts potent pro-inflammatory effects. We have recently shown that, in rats, eNampt stimulates corticosterone secretion by acting through the pituitary rather than the hypothalamus.

Ionizing radiation exposure of stem cell-derived chondrocytes affects their gene and microRNA expression profiles and cytokine production.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be differentiated into chondrocyte-like cells. However, implantation of these cells is not without risk given that those transplanted cells may one day undergo ionizing radiation (IR) in patients who develop cancer. We aimed to evaluate the effect of IR on chondrocyte-like cells differentiated from hiPSCs by determining their gene and microRNA expression profile and proteomic analysis.

Adropin Stimulates Proliferation and Inhibits Adrenocortical Steroidogenesis in the Human Adrenal Carcinoma (HAC15) Cell Line.

Adropin is a multifunctional peptide hormone encoded by the (energy homeostasis associated) gene. It plays a role in mechanisms related to increased adiposity, insulin resistance, as well as glucose, and lipid metabolism. The low adropin levels are strongly associated with obesity independent insulin resistance.