Smartphone App-Based Contingency Management and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes.

Importance: Opioid use disorder continues to be a national crisis, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Medication is the only evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder; however, improving clinical outcomes may require augmenting it with psychosocial interventions, such as contingency management (CM), specifically, smartphone app-based CM.

Objective: To evaluate whether augmenting medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with app-based CM is associated with fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment and greater retention than treatment with MOUD only.

The Support Hospital Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (SHOUT) Texas program implementation strategy for expanding treatment for hospitalized adults with opioid use disorder.

Introduction: In 2017, we launched the "B-Team" (buprenorphine team), the first hospitalist-led opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment program in Texas. Based on initial success, we obtained funding from Texas Health & Human Services to expand the model to other hospitals in Texas through the Support Hospital Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (SHOUT) Texas program.

Methods: This is a mixed methods study of the implementation of the SHOUT program, which is an OUD treatment intervention, in different hospitals in Texas.

Sociodemographic and patient reported outcomes by racial and ethnicity status among participants in a randomized controlled trial for methamphetamine use disorder.

Background: There has been a significant increase in methamphetamine use and methamphetamine use disorder (Meth UD) in the United States, with evolving racial and ethnic differences.

Objectives: This secondary analysis explored racial and ethnic differences in baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as treatment effects on a measure of substance use recovery, depression symptoms, and methamphetamine craving among participants in a pharmacotherapy trial for Meth UD.

Methods: The ADAPT-2 trial (ClinicalTrials.

Stigma towards opioid use disorder in primary care remain a barrier to integrating software-based measurement based care.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a deadly illness that remains undertreated, despite effective pharmacological treatments. Barriers, such as stigma, treatment affordability, and a lack of training and prescribing within medical practices result in low access to treatment. Software-delivered measurement-based care (MBC) is one way to increase treatment access.

The externalizing and internalizing pathways to marijuana use initiation: Examining the synergistic effects of impulsiveness and sensation seeking.

Adolescent marijuana use has become increasingly more problematic compared with the past; thus, understanding developmental processes that increase the liability of marijuana use is essential. Two developmental pathways to adolescent substance use have been proposed: an externalizing pathway that emphasizes the expression of aggressive and delinquent behavior, and an internalizing pathway that emphasizes the role of depressive symptoms and negative affect. In this study, we aimed to examine the synergistic role of impulsiveness and sensation seeking in the two risk pathways to determine whether both high and low levels of the traits are risk factors for marijuana use.

The Development of Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors Among Youth With or Without a Family History of Substance Use Disorder: The Indirect Effects of Early-Life Stress and Impulsivity.

Youth with a family history of substance use disorder (FH+) are more prone to have externalizing and internalizing problems compared to youth without a family history of substance use disorder (FH-), increasing the likelihood of later maladjustment. However, mechanisms for this association remain understudied. In this longitudinal study, we examined if FH+ youth are more likely to experience early-life stressors (ELS), which in turn would increase impulsivity and the expression of externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

The Development of Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking: Associations with Substance Use among At-Risk Adolescents.

We investigated if the dual systems model could explain the increased rates of substance use among at-risk youth. This study sampled 365 adolescents, 289 of which had a family history of substance use disorder, assessed biannually between the ages 13-16 years old. Growth curve analyses revealed that higher levels of impulsivity were related to higher levels of sensation seeking and a slower rate of decline in impulsivity was related to a faster rate of increase in sensation seeking.

Social Support and the Rehabilitation of Alcohol-Impaired Drivers: Drinking Motives as Moderators.

Alcohol-impaired driving is a common and costly public health problem associated with alcohol misuse. This investigation aims to understand the role of social support and drinking motives in motivating alcohol-impaired drivers to reduce alcohol use. One hundred nineteen participants with a history of driving-while-intoxicated arrest were recruited from either a correctional treatment facility ( = 59) or the community ( = 60) and asked about their motivation to change alcohol use.

Estimating resource utilization demands in implementing statewide screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol-impaired drivers.

Objectives: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is used to assess the level of alcohol use/misuse and to inform the intensity of intervention delivered within screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) programs. Policy initiatives are recommending delivery of SBIRT within health care settings to reduce alcohol misuse and prevent alcohol-impaired driving. Recent reports are considering extending delivery of SBIRT to criminal justice settings.

Mitigating the Effect of Pain Severity on Activity and Disability in Patients with Chronic Pain: The Crucial Context of Acceptance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pain severity on activity levels and physical disability in the context of high pain acceptance. We hypothesized that pain acceptance moderates the effect of pain severity on general activity and physical disability, such that at higher levels of acceptance, the deleterious effect of pain is mitigated.

Methods: Two hundred seven patients with chronic pain were recruited from three clinics in a large southwestern military treatment facility.

The Role of Social Support in Motivating Reductions in Alcohol Use: A Test of Three Models of Social Support in Alcohol-Impaired Drivers.

Background: Social support has been linked to many therapeutic benefits (e.g., treatment retention, reduced posttreatment relapse) for individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Processing transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) data to detect low-level drinking.

Background: Several studies have objectively quantified drinking through the use of Alcohol Monitoring System's (AMS) transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) device known as SCRAM CAM. Criteria that AMS uses to detect drinking are known to be conservative and only reliably detect heavy drinking equivalent to 5 or more standard drinks. Our group has developed Research Rules used to process TAC data in a manner that will detect low-level and moderate drinking even though it is below the AMS criteria for detection.

Pharmacokinetics of Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/20:4 in Human Blood After Alcohol Intake.

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/20:4 homolog in uncoagulated human blood samples taken from 18 participants in a clinical laboratory setting after consumption of 2 standard doses of ethanol (EtOH).

Methods: Male and female participants received either 0.4 or 0.

Differences in the Synthesis and Elimination of Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 After Acute Doses of Alcohol.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the synthesis and elimination of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 following the consumption of alcohol among 56 light and heavy drinkers.

Methods: A transdermal alcohol monitor was used to promote alcohol absence 7 days prior, and 14 days after, alcohol consumption in the laboratory. Participants consumed a 0.

Characterization of the Pharmacokinetics of Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 in Human Whole Blood After Alcohol Consumption in a Clinical Laboratory Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of 2 homologues of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and their combined total in uncoagulated, whole blood samples taken from participants in a human clinical laboratory study after consumption of low doses of ethanol (EtOH).

Methods: As part of a larger study, 14 male and 13 female participants received either 0.25 or 0.