Student Teachers' Positive Perceptions of Characteristics and Personality of People on the Autism Spectrum: "Challenging in a Positive Way".

This paper presents quantitative and qualitative findings from an interdisciplinary research project exploring student teachers' positive perceptions of people on the autism spectrum. The set of findings reported in this paper asked 704 student teachers from one university in England (n = 191), Finland (n = 251) and Sweden (n = 262) to write down the first three words they thought of to identify the characteristics of people on the autism spectrum. Data was analysed using a multi-layered, deductive co-rated coding approach.

Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity and Screen-Time in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Seven-Country Observational Study.

This cross-sectional observational study sought to examine the environmental correlates of physical activity and screen-time among youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents of youth with ASD (n = 1,165) from seven countries/regions provided responses to an online survey form measuring environmental correlates (i.e.

Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and health-related outcomes among youth with autism spectrum disorder: a seven-country observational study.

Background: Meeting daily guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration is associated with a host of health indicators for youth. In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated the associations between adherence to the movement guidelines and health-related outcomes among youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: Parents of youth with ASD (10-17 years) from seven countries and regions were invited to provide online proxy-reports for child's movement behaviors (i.

Autism and the right to education in the EU: policy mapping and scoping review of Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

Introduction: The universal right to education for people with disabilities has been highlighted by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In this paper, we mapped policies addressing the right to education and special education needs of autistic children in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland

Methods: A policy path analysis was carried out using a scoping review as an underlying framework for data gathering. Policy mapping was performed independently by both lead authors to increase reliability.

The mechanism for differential effect of nelfinavir and indinavir on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts.

The mechanism for differential effects of human immune deficiency virus protease inhibitors (HIVPIs), nelfinavir (NEL) and indinavir (IND) on collagen metabolism disturbances was studied in human skin fibroblasts. It has been considered that HIVPIs-dependent deregulation of collagen biosynthesis involves prolidase (an enzyme providing proline for collagen biosynthesis), glutamine (Gln) (a substrate for proline biosynthesis), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (a transcription factor that inhibit expression of type I collagen genes), β integrin receptor and Akt signalling. It was found that NEL impaired collagen biosynthesis and the process was more pronounced in the presence of Gln, while IND stimulated collagen biosynthesis.

Rosmarinic acid influences collagen, MMPs, TIMPs, glycosylation and MUC1 in CRL-1739 gastric cancer cell line.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenylpropanoid with numerous pharmacological activities. Because of limited studies of the effects of RA action in gastric cancer cells we examined how 100 and 200 μM acid influences MMPs, TIMPs, collagen, MUC1 and specific sugar antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma CRL-1739 cells. We revealed inhibitory effect of RA on MMP-9 activity what was correlated with increased collagen type I expression, main ECM substrate degraded by MMPs.

Abies Concolor Seeds and Cones as New Source of Essential Oils-Composition and Biological Activity.

The chemical composition, including the enantiomeric excess of the main terpenes, of essential oils from seeds and cones of was studied by chromatographic (GC) and spectroscopic methods (mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance), leading to the determination of 98 compounds. Essential oils were mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons. The dominant volatiles of seed essential oil were: limonene (47 g/100 g, almost pure levorotary form) and α-pinene (40 g/100 g), while α-pinene (58 g/100 g), sabinene (11 g/100 g), and β-pinene (4.

Acetylenic derivative of betulin induces apoptosis in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line.

Since betulin (Bet) and its acetylenic derivative, 28-O-propynoylbetulin (proBet) were shown to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines, we studied the mechanism of this process in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (EA). Previous studies suggested that this group of compounds affect prolidase activity (proline releasing enzyme from imidodipeptides) and collagen biosynthesis (proline utilizing process) providing substrate (proline) for proline oxidase (POX) dependent apoptosis. Here we provide evidence that Bet and proBet exhibit prolidase-inducing activity in EA cell line.

Exogenous proline stimulates type I collagen and HIF-1α expression and the process is attenuated by glutamine in human skin fibroblasts.

Abundance of proline (Pro) in collagen molecule led us to investigate whether Pro supply affects collagen biosynthesis in human skin fibroblasts. Treatment of the cells with milimolar concentrations (5 and 10 mM) of Pro for 24 and 48 h contributed to increase in α subunit of collagen type I (COL1A1) expression in both cells and culture medium. However, the effect was more pronounced in glutamine-free medium.

The Sally-Anne test: an interactional analysis of a dyadic assessment.

Background: The Sally-Anne test has been extensively used to examine children's theory of mind understanding. Many task-related factors have been suggested to impact children's performance on this test. Yet little is known about the interactional aspects of such dyadic assessment situations that might contribute to the ways in which children respond to the test questions.

Composition and Biological Activity of Picea pungens and Picea orientalis Seed and Cone Essential Oils.

The increasing consumption of natural products lead us to discover and study new plant materials, such as conifer seeds and cones, which could be easily available from the forest industry as a waste material, for their potential uses. The chemical composition of the essential oils of Picea pungens and Picea orientalis was fully characterized by GC and GC/MS methods. Seed and cone oils of both tree species were composed mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons, among which limonene, α- and β-pinene were the major, but in different proportions in the examined conifer essential oils.

Prolidase-dependent mechanism of (Z)-8,9-epoxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene-induced inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts.

The effects of polyolefinic compound from roots of Cirsium palustre, (Z)-8,9-epoxyheptadeca-1,11,14-triene (EHT) on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), β1 integrin, MAP kinases (pERK1/2), the transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts treated with micromolar concentrations (40-200 μM) for 24 h. It was found that EHT-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by parallel inhibition in prolidase activity. Since IGF-I is the most potent regulator of both processes and prolidase is regulated by β1 integrin signalling, the effect of EHT on IGF-IR and β1 integrin receptor expressions were evaluated.

Enalapril stimulates collagen biosynthesis through prolidase-dependent mechanism in cultured fibroblasts.

The mechanism of a lower incidence of dermatological manifestations in patients treated with enalapril compared to patients treated with other ACE-inhibitors, e.g., captopril, is not known.

Chemical composition and biological activity of Abies alba and A. koreana seed and cone essential oils and characterization of their seed hydrolates.

The chemical composition, including the enantiomeric excess of the main terpenes, the antimicrobial and antiradical activities, as well as the cytotoxicity of Abies alba and A. koreana seed and cone essential oils were investigated. Additionally, their seed hydrolates were characterized.

The mechanism of oxythiamine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

The oxythiamine (OXY) is antivitamin of thiamine. The finding that OXY increases the cytoplasmic concentration of pyruvate, known to enhance collagen biosynthesis, led us to investigate the mechanism of this antivitamin action on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (30-1,000 µM) of OXY for 24 and 48 h.

UVC inhibits collagen biosynthesis through up-regulation of NF-κB p65 signaling in cultured fibroblasts.

The effects of UVC on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, expression of α₂β₁ integrin, IGF-I receptor, FAK, MAP-kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) and the transcription factor NF-κB p65 were evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with UVC light at a rates of 30 and 60 J/m(2). It was found that UVC-dependent decrease in collagen biosynthesis was not accompanied by parallel decrease in prolidase activity and expression.

The mechanism of hydralazine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

The finding that hydralazine (HYD) affects collagen metabolism led us to investigate the mechanism of its action on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase expression and activity, expression of α2β1 integrin, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK1, ERK2), and transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (50-500 μM) of HYD for 24 h. HYD had no influence on cell viability.

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Cirsium palustre and C. rivulare and their antiproliferative effect.

The composition of the essential oils of Cirsium palustre and C. rivulare and their antiproliferative activity against breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MBA-231) were investigated. The essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation from the roots (yield 0.

Thrombin-dependent modulation of β1-integrin-mediated signaling up-regulates prolidase and HIF-1α through p-FAK in colorectal cancer cells.

Products of prolidase [E.C. 3.

Scutellarin-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

The effects of the flavonoid compound scutellarin (SCUT) on collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, expression of β₁ integrin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor and the transcription factor NF-κB were evaluated in human dermal fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with micromolar concentrations (10-30 µM) of SCUT for 24 h. It was found that a SCUT-dependent decrease in collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by an increase in prolidase activity.

In vitro antiproliferative and antifungal activity of essential oils from Erigeron acris L. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.

Antiproliferative and antifungal activities of essential oils from Erigeron acris root and herb and from Erigeron annuus herb were investigated. The cell viability assay was performed in cultured fibroblasts, cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MBA-231), and endometrial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa) cells as well as colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The essential oil from E.

Captopril-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

The mechanism underlying the dermatological manifestations that accompany captopril therapy is not known. The facts that prolidase plays an important role in collagen biosynthesis and that captopril directly inhibits prolidase activity led us to evaluate its effect on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Confluent fibroblasts were treated with milimolar concentrations (0.

Betulinic acid inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.

Although betulinic acid (BA) is known to induce apoptosis and antiangiogenic response in tumor cells, the underlying mechanism of its action is unknown. Deregulation of tissue collagen metabolism is one of the consequences of neoplastic transformation. The final step of collagen degradation is mediated by prolidase [E.