Publications by authors named "Karminder Gill"
Objective: To assess changes in real-world use of acute and preventive medications for migraine over a 12-month follow-up period in the United States following initiation of the anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway monoclonal antibody (mAb) erenumab.
Background: Early assessments of real-world use of acute and preventive medications for migraine after initiation of erenumab have been limited to 6 months of follow-up.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the IQVIA open-source longitudinal prescription (LRx) and medical (Dx) claims databases.
Background: New acute and preventive migraine medications are available, but data on current treatment patterns are limited. This study describes migraine treatment patterns among patients initiating novel acute migraine specific medications (nAMSMs), overall and by prior use of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study using IQVIA open-source pharmacy and medical claims data, we identified patients with ≥ 1 claim for a nAMSM (ubrogepant, rimegepant, lasmiditan) between 01/01/2020 and 09/30/2020 (index period).
Introduction: Erenumab, an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb), was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2018. Constipation with serious complications was added to the Warning and Precautions section in the erenumab Prescribing Information in October 2019 after events were observed during post-marketing surveillance. We aimed to assess and compare the risk of inpatient constipation, and, separately, inpatient constipation with serious complications, among patients with migraine treated with CGRP mAbs and standard of care antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To examine the temporal patterns of patient characteristics, treatments used and outcomes associated with COVID-19 in patients who were hospitalised for the disease between January and 15 November 2020.
Design: Observational cohort study.
Setting: COVID-19 subset of the Optum deidentified electronic health records, including more than 1.
Objective: To estimate the baseline rates of vascular events among people with migraine.
Background: Several novel medications that target the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway are approved to treat people with migraine. Given that the CGRP pathway also plays a role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, determining the baseline rates of vascular events among people with migraine will help inform the safety of these novel medications.
Purpose: In recent years, the use of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related anemia has increased. We used the OptumInsight medical claims database to study the association between receiving a transfusion and hyperkalemia and heart failure events.
Methods: Persons 18-64 years of age with diagnosed stage 4 or 5 CKD (not requiring dialysis) between 2006 and 2010 were followed until their first hospitalization or emergency room visit with a diagnosis of hyperkalemia or heart failure, termination of insurance coverage, or death.
Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis is widely used to establish efficacy in randomized clinical trials. However, in a long-term outcomes study where non-adherence to study drug is substantial, the on-treatment effect of the study drug may be underestimated using the ITT analysis. The analyses presented herein are from the EVOLVE trial, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven cardiovascular outcomes study conducted to assess whether a treatment regimen including cinacalcet compared with placebo in addition to other conventional therapies reduces the risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients receiving hemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRed blood cell transfusion use in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
June 2013
Background: There is limited data available on the use of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in younger chronic kidney disease patients not on dialysis (CKD-ND), for whom the consequences of developing antibodies to foreign antigens (allosensitization) may be particularly relevant.
Methods: We used the Ingenix medical claims database, comprising data on ∼40 million commercially insured US individuals, to identify annual (2002-08) cohorts of patients 18-64 years of age with newly diagnosed CKD. We followed each cohort for 1 year to estimate RBC transfusion rates and used Cox proportional hazards regression to identify patient characteristics associated with time to first transfusion.
Objective: Compare diagnostic characteristics of brief cognitive screening tests in residential care/assisted living (RC/AL) residents.
Design: Cross-sectional study involving a comprehensive clinical examination to ascertain a consensus diagnosis of probable dementia, no significant cognitive impairment, or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including both amnestic and non-amnestic subtypes.
Setting: Fourteen RC/AL facilities in North Carolina.
A calibration study was conducted to determine the threshold counts for two commonly used accelerometers, the ActiGraph and the Actical, to classify activities by intensity in children 5 to 8 years of age. Thirty-three children wore both accelerometers and a COSMED portable metabolic system during 15 min of rest and then performed up to nine different activities for 7 min each, on two separate days in the laboratory. Oxygen consumption was measured on a breath-by-breath basis, and accelerometer data were collected in 15-s epochs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine whether high-intensity ambient light in public areas of long-term care facilities will improve sleeping patterns and circadian rhythms of persons with dementia.
Design: A cluster-unit crossover intervention trial involving four conditions: morning bright light, evening bright light, all-day bright light, and minimum standard light.
Setting: The common areas of two geriatric units in a psychiatric hospital and a dementia-specific residential care facility.
Background: A previous study compared the performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and cancer detection rate) of screening mammography in Black and White women. No study, to the authors' knowledge, has evaluated the difference in the performance of diagnostic mammography between Black and White women.
Methods: Univariate analysis was used to evaluate differences in characteristics and cancers between Black and White women.
Purpose: This study's purpose was to better understand existing measures of quality of life in dementia residents of long-term care facilities.
Design And Methods: We gathered data from 421 residents in 45 facilities. Analyses determined the psychometric properties of each measure, estimated the relationship between measures, and identified the extent to which resident characteristics predicted scores.
Background: Despite improvement in mammography screening attendance, black women continue to have poorer prognosis at diagnosis than white woman. Data from the Carolina Mammography Registry were used to evaluate whether there may be differences in mammography performance or detected cancers when comparing black women with white women who are screened by mammography.
Methods: Prospectively collected data from community-based mammography facilities on 468,484 screening mammograms (79,397 in black women and 389,087 in white women) were included for study.