Bridging the Gap: Culturally Responsive Strategies for NIH Trial Recruitment.

Objective: To enhance recruitment and participation rates of non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic adult patients in a NIH-funded clinical trial studying an emerging health technology.

Data Sources And Study Setting: This study includes primary data collected in Los Angeles, California from November 2020 through November 2023.

Study Design: To improve the representation of NHB and Hispanic patients in a NIH-funded (NCT04409353) trial on virtual reality for chronic lower back pain (cLBP), we conducted a multi-phase study utilizing a mixed-method approach.

Revision Surgery Risk After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Versus Acute Total Hip Arthroplasty in Geriatric Acetabular Fractures: A Nationwide Study.

Background: The aging population has contributed to a rising incidence of acetabular fractures in older patients, yet current evidence guiding surgical treatment is limited by small sample sizes. This study used a nationwide database to investigate outcomes in older patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus acute total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: The PearlDiver database was queried for patients aged 60 years and older with an acute acetabular fracture who underwent ORIF or acute THA (2010 to 2021).

Variations in surgical practice and short-term outcomes for degenerative lumbar scoliosis and spondylolisthesis: do surgeon training and experience matter?

For diverse procedures, sizable geographic variation exists in rates and outcomes of surgery, including for degenerative lumbar spine conditions. Little is known about how surgeon training and experience are associated with surgeon-level variations in spine surgery practice and short-term outcomes. This retrospective observational analysis characterized variations in surgical operations for degenerative lumbar scoliosis or spondylolisthesis, two common age-related conditions.

Geriatric Pain Protocol: Impact of Multimodal Pain Care for Elderly Orthopaedic Trauma Patients.

Hip fractures are costly, and associated complications are the leading cause of injury-related deaths in persons 65 years or older. Pain medications in this population can be more potent, have a longer duration of action, and have serious side effects (Chau et al., 2008).

Preoperative Depression Is Associated With Increased Short-term Complications But Equivalent Long-term Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Concomitant depression negatively impacts outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys are validated measures that quantify depression, pain, and physical function. We hypothesized that higher preoperative PROMIS-depression scores would be associated with inferior outcomes following TKA.

Using bookmarking methods with orthopedic clinicians and patients with fractures produces score interpretation labels for patient-reported outcome measures.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) score ranges associated with descriptive labels (i.e., within normal limits, mild, moderate, severe) by using bookmarking methods with orthopedic clinicians and patients who have experienced a bone fracture.

Geriatric fracture program centering age-friendly care associated with lower length of stay and lower direct costs.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes associated with an integrated inpatient and outpatient program aimed at optimizing the care of geriatric fracture patients in a mixed community and academic health system setting.

Data Sources And Study Setting: This study took place at a tertiary-care, 886-bed hospital system. The Geriatric Fracture Program (GFP) was designed in 2018 using the 4Ms Framework (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility).

E-cigarette devices, brands, and flavors attract youth: Informing FDA's policies and priorities to close critical gaps.

Purpose: Identify e-cigarette devices, brands, and flavor types used by adolescents and young adults soon after the enactment of flavor restrictions, youth access laws, FDA's enforcement prioritization against some flavored pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes, and during COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures.

Methods: National cross-sectional online survey (N = 4,351) in May 2020 assessed popularity, ever- and past-30-day use of e-cigarette device types (pod/cartridge-based, disposables, others), brands, flavor types and flavor-enhancers, by age group (under age 21 and 21 and over).

Results: While pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes had the highest ever-use (82.

Measures of both perceived general and specific risks and benefits differentially predict adolescent and young adult tobacco and marijuana use: findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.

Health behavior theorists and prevention researchers use a variety of measures of adolescent and young adult (AYA) risk and benefit perceptions to predict tobacco-use and marijuana-use behaviors. However, studies have not examined whether and how perception measures that ask about likelihood of more general outcomes such as "harm" versus ask about specific risk or benefit outcomes compare or whether they differentially predict AYA willingness to use if one of your best friends were to offer it and intentions to use in the next year; and if these measures have differential ability to predict actual use of tobacco and marijuana. We used data from a prospective cohort of California AYAs to create and test new scales to measure perceptions of specific health and social outcomes related to risks (e.

Home-based virtual reality for chronic pain: protocol for an NIH-supported randomised-controlled trial.

Introduction: Chronic pain is highly prevalent and associated with a large burden of illness; there is a pressing need for safe, home-based, non-pharmacological, interventions. Virtual reality (VR) is a digital therapeutic known to be effective for acute pain, but its role in chronic pain is not yet fully elucidated. Here we present a protocol for the National Institute of Health (NIH) Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) VR trial that evaluates the effectiveness of three forms of VR for patients with chronic lower back pain (cLBP), a highly prevalent form of chronic pain.

The Road to Vaping: E-cigarette Susceptibility and Curiosity Among U.S. Adolescents Susceptible and Nonsusceptible to Cigarette Smoking.

. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among adolescents. We aimed to identify factors associated with e-cigarette susceptibility and curiosity among adolescents who are and are not susceptible to cigarette smoking.

How and Why California Young Adults Are Using Different Brands of Pod-Type Electronic Cigarettes in 2019: Implications for Researchers and Regulators.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe young adult use and perceptions of different brands of pod-based electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and compare with earlier types of non-pod-based e-cigarettes (e.g., mods and tanks).

PMI's heated tobacco products marketing claims of reduced risk and reduced exposure may entice youth to try and continue using these products.

Importance: Philip Morris International (PMI) is seeking Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) authorisation to market IQOS as a modified risk tobacco product and to make marketing claims of reduced risk and reduced exposure. Such claims may be misunderstood by youth, thereby increasing their risk for tobacco initiation.

Objective: To assess youth (mean age 19.

Measuring waterpipe tobacco smoking in survey research.

Waterpipe tobacco (WT) smoking remains a significant public health problem. However, few validated measures exist, presenting challenges for obtaining accurate prevalence estimates and making comparisons across studies. We identified items used to measure several WT smoking behaviours in eight US national surveys of youth and adults and two international studies, including the National Youth Tobacco Survey, National Adult Tobacco Survey, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Adult and Youth Surveys, Monitoring the Future, National Health Interview Survey, Health Styles, Tobacco Use Supplement: Current Population Survey, Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Popular Flavors Used in Alternative Tobacco Products Among Young Adults.

Purpose: The aim of the article was to examine flavors of alternative tobacco products most commonly used by young adults (YAs).

Methods: California YA (N = 365; mean age = 20.0 years) were surveyed in 2018 about the first and usual flavors of alternative tobacco products used.

A cigarette pack by any other color: Youth perceptions mostly align with tobacco industry-ascribed meanings.

•Youth interpret cigarette pack-colors in line with industry-intended associations.•Product-packaging restrictions may be circumvented by use of colors that misrepresent product harms.•43.

Conversation Within a Facebook Smoking Cessation Intervention Trial For Young Adults (Tobacco Status Project): Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Smoking cessation interventions delivered through social media have the potential to engage young people in behavior change.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe participant-posted messages in a Facebook smoking cessation intervention for young adults to discern support for behavior change.

Methods: We qualitatively analyzed data from the treatment arm of a randomized trial testing the efficacy of the Tobacco Status Project Facebook intervention.

Adolescents' and Young Adults' Use and Perceptions of Pod-Based Electronic Cigarettes.

Importance: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among adolescents and young adults, and the new pod-based e-cigarette devices may put adolescents and young adults at increased risk for polytobacco use and nicotine dependence.

Objective: To build an evidence base for perceptions of risk from and use of pod-based e-cigarettes among adolescents and young adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a survey study, a cross-sectional analysis was performed of data collected from April 6 to June 20, 2018, from 445 California adolescents and young adults as part of an ongoing prospective cohort study designed to measure the use and perceptions of tobacco products.

Adolescents have unfavorable opinions of adolescents who use e-cigarettes.

Introduction: While evidence suggests positive opinions of smokers are associated with tobacco use, research exploring adolescents' opinions of e-cigarette users is nascent. We hypothesized that adolescents harbor positive opinions of e-cigarette users, and that these opinions will be more positive among adolescents willing to try or who have used e-cigarettes.

Methods: Participants were 578 U.

Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults.

Background: Beginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured 'HeatSticks' in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP).

Methods: We systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI's IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act's standard for MRTP claims.

Youth say ads for flavored e-liquids are for them.

Introduction: E-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents and young adults ("AYA") and are available in many flavors. The e-cigarette industry argues that flavors are not meant to appeal to youth, yet no study has asked youth what age group they think ads for flavored e-liquids are targeting. We asked AYA which age group they thought ads for flavored e-liquids targeted.

IQOS labelling will mislead consumers.

Background: Philip Morris International (PMI) continually expands and diversifies their nicotine product portfolio, which includes IQOS, a heated tobacco product. In December 2016, PMI filed a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), seeking authorisation to market IQOS in USA with three claims of reduced harm: 'switching completely from conventional cigarettes to the system…' (1) 'can reduce the risks of tobacco-related diseases;' (2) 'significantly reduce[s] your body's exposure to harmful or potentially harmful chemicals;' and (3) 'presents less risk of harm than continuing to smoke cigarettes.' Consumers may misunderstand what is meant by 'switching completely'.

Older African American Homeless-Experienced Smokers' Attitudes Toward Tobacco Control Policies-Results from the HOPE HOME Study.

Purpose: To examine attitudes toward tobacco control policies among older African American homeless-experienced smokers.

Approach: A qualitative study.

Setting: Oakland, California.

Implications and challenges for implementation of the FDA's final deeming rule for waterpipe tobacco.

For the first time, the Food and Drug Administration's (FDAs) Center for Tobacco Products now has regulatory authority over all tobacco products, including waterpipe tobacco. In the rule expanding its authority to cover all tobacco products, the FDA uses largely a one-size-fits-all approach. However, several aspects of waterpipe tobacco smoking make it unique from other tobacco products, which may require more specific, tailored rules.