What Military Applicants Value When Choosing a Residency in Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics.

Introduction: Military medical students participate in a separate residency match program, distinct from their civilian counterparts. There is limited information regarding factors that applicants find important when selecting a residency program in Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics (GSO). We aimed to identify factors that influence applicant program selection.

Family background consistently affects economic success across the life cycle: A research note on how brother correlations overlap over the life course.

Scholars of social mobility increasingly study the role of family background in shaping attainment throughout the entire life course. However, research has yet to establish whether the family characteristics influencing early career attainment are the same as those influencing late career attainment. In this research note, I apply an extended sibling correlation approach to analyze brothers' life cycle earnings and family income, using data from the U.

Marginal and Conditional Confounding Using Logits.

This article presents two ways of quantifying confounding using logistic response models for binary outcomes. Drawing on the distinction between marginal and conditional odds ratios in statistics, we define two corresponding measures of confounding (marginal and conditional) that can be recovered from a simple standardization approach. We investigate when marginal and conditional confounding may differ, outline why the method by Karlson, Holm, and Breen recovers conditional confounding under a "no interaction"-assumption, and suggest that researchers may measure marginal confounding by using inverse probability weighting.

Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care Residency and Nonresidency Practices.

Background And Objectives: Integrated behavioral health (BH) is becoming a preferred model of care for primary care because it improves patient outcomes and satisfaction. Little is known about whether residency practices are consistently modeling this preferred care model relative to real-world nonresidency practices. The study compared levels of BH integration, patient health outcomes, and satisfaction with care between residency practices and nonresidency practices with colocated BH providers.

In a Pinch: An Unusual Case of Zoon's Vaginitis, a Plasma Cell Disorder.

Plasma cell, or Zoon's, vulvitis (PCV) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the female genital tract. Clinically, it is characterized by erythematous mucosal lesions associated with burning, pruritus, and dyspareunia. Histologically, it is characterized by the thinning of the epithelium with the infiltration of plasma cells in the underlying dermis.

Aortic Dissection During Pregnancy and Puerperium: Contemporary Incidence and Outcomes in the United States.

Background Aortic dissection (AD) during pregnancy and puerperium is a rare catastrophe with devastating consequences for both parent and fetus. Population-level incidence trends and outcomes remain relatively undetermined. Methods and Results We queried a US population-based health care database, the National Inpatient Sample, and identified all patients with a pregnancy-related AD hospitalization from 2002 to 2017.

The nature-nurture of academic achievement at the intersection between gender, family background, and school context.

We investigate the role of gender, family SES, school SES, and their intersection in educational achievement using a twin design. Drawing on theories of gene-environment interaction, we test whether high-SES environments compensate genetic risks or enhance genetic potential, and its dependency on gender. Using data on 37,000 Danish twin and sibling pairs from population-wide administrative registers, we report three main findings.

Association of Intravenous Drug Use and Length of Stay Following Infective Endocarditis.

Introduction: Intravenous drug use (IVDU) and associated infective endocarditis (IE) has been on the rise in the US since the beginning of the opioid epidemic. IVDU-IE has high morbidity and mortality, and treatment can be lengthy. We aim to quantify the association between IVDU and length of stay (LOS) in IE patients.

Surgical outcomes of pulmonary valve infective endocarditis: A US population-based analysis.

Background: Pulmonary valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) represents a rare subset of right-sided IE. This study aimed to evaluate the population-level surgical outcomes of PVIE in the United States.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study using the 2002-2017 National Inpatient Sample database.

Sex-based outcomes in surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Objective: Epidemiologic variation with respect to sex has been established in aortic dissection. However, current literature on sex-based outcomes in patients with aortic dissection is conflicting. In this study we aimed to compare perioperative outcomes according to sex in patients treated surgically for acute type A aortic dissection.

Primary Pericardial Mesothelioma: A Population-Based Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare malignancy of the mesothelial lining of the pericardium. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of these patients using a United States population-based cancer database. We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1973-2015).

Liver Dysfunction Associated With In-Hospital Mortality in Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.

Unlabelled: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support is a powerful clinical tool that is currently enjoying a resurgence in popularity. Wider use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support is limited by its significant risk profile and extreme consumption of resources. This study examines the role of markers of liver dysfunction in predicting outcomes of adult patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support.

Lives on track? Long-term earnings returns to selective school placement in England and Denmark.

We explore the influence of between-school ability placement at lower secondary education on earnings across the life course in England and Denmark. We go beyond the mid-career snapshot provided by previous studies by exploiting the availability of four decades worth of earnings data for individuals born in the mid-1950s. Members of this cohort who were judged to be among the most academically able attended grammar schools in England (19%) and advanced secondary schools (Realskole) in Denmark (51%) prior to the start of comprehensivization.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, also known as Wegener's granulomatosis) is a type of systematic vasculitis that primarily involves the lung and kidney. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and associated acute respiratory failure are uncommon but devastating complications of GPA. Experience in using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to manage DAH caused by GPA is limited.

Primary cardiac lymphoma.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the population-level treatment modalities and to evaluate the survival benefits of surgical resection in primary cardiac lymphoma.

Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database, which covers 35% of the US population. Patients with a histologic diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma from 1973 to 2015 were included.

Survival outcomes in patients with primary cardiac sarcoma in the United States.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the survival outcomes of primary cardiac sarcoma in a US nationwide cancer database.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried to identify patients with primary cardiac sarcoma from 1973 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were performed to compare overall survival for subpopulations, stratified on year at diagnosis (dichotomized into 2 periods: 1973-2005 and 2006-2015), pathological types, whether patients were treated with surgery or not, and surgery and chemotherapy combinations.

College as equalizer? Testing the selectivity hypothesis.

Stratification research shows that occupational origins and destinations are weakly associated among individuals holding a college degree. The finding is taken to support the hypothesis that college equalizes opportunities and promotes social mobility. I test the competing hypothesis that the high level of social mobility reported for college degree holders results from the selectivity of this group.

Orexinergic bouton density is lower in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans compared to artiodactyls.

The species of the cetacean and artiodactyl suborders, which constitute the order Cetartiodactyla, exhibit very different sleep phenomenology, with artiodactyls showing typical bihemispheric slow wave and REM sleep, while cetaceans show unihemispheric slow wave sleep and appear to lack REM sleep. The aim of this study was to determine whether cetaceans and artiodactyls have differently organized orexinergic arousal systems by examining the density of orexinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex, as this projection will be involved in various aspects of cortical arousal. This study provides a comparison of orexinergic bouton density in the cerebral cortex of twelve Cetartiodactyla species (ten artiodactyls and two cetaceans) by means of immunohistochemical staining and stereological analysis.

Topical vancomycin in combination with perioperative antibiotics and tight glycemic control helps to eliminate sternal wound infections.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether topical vancomycin would further reduce the incidence of sternal infections in the presence of perioperative antibiotics and tight glycemic control.

Methods: A total of 1075 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery from December 2007 to August 2013 receiving topical vancomycin (2.5 g in 2 mL of normal saline) applied as a slurry to the cut edges of the sternum were compared with 2190 patients from December 2003 to November 2007 who did not receive topical vancomycin.

Parental incarceration and child mortality in Denmark.

Objectives: We used Danish registry data to examine the association between parental incarceration and child mortality risk.

Methods: We used a sample of all Danish children born in 1991 linked with parental information. We conducted discrete-time survival analysis separately for boys (n = 30 146) and girls (n = 28 702) to estimate the association of paternal and maternal incarceration with child mortality, controlling for parental sociodemographic characteristics.

Incomplete equalization: The effect of tracking in secondary education on educational inequality.

This paper tests whether the existence of vocationally oriented tracks within a traditionally academically oriented upper education system reduces socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment. Based on a statistical model of educational transitions and data on two entire cohorts of Danish youth, we find that (1) the vocationally oriented tracks are less socially selective than the traditional academic track; (2) attending the vocationally oriented tracks has a negative effect on the likelihood of enrolling in higher education; and (3) in the aggregate the vocationally oriented tracks improve access to lower-tier higher education for low-SES students. These findings point to an interesting paradox in that tracking has adverse effects at the micro-level but equalizes educational opportunities at the macro-level.