Treatment-failure tularemia in children.

Purpose: Tularemia is an infection caused by . Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment.

The prevalence, serogroup distribution and risk factors of meningococcal carriage in adolescents and young adults in Turkey.

The serogroup epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), which varies considerably by geographic region and immunization schedule, changes continuously. Meningococcal carriage data are crucial for assessing IMD epidemiology and designing f potential vaccination strategies. Meningococcal seroepidemiology in Turkey differs from that in other countries: serogroups W and B are the predominant strains for IMD during childhood, whereas no serogroup C cases were identified over the last 10 y and no adolescent peak for IMD was found.

Prolonged acyclovir treatment in a child with opercular syndrome related to herpes simplex encephalitis.

HSV 1 encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic and focal viral encephalitis. Opercular syndrome is characterized by swallowing and speech difficulties which are associated with deterioration of voluntary control of face, pharynx, tongue and chewing muscles. It can be developed in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).

Disseminated Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Staphylococcus aureus infection in a child.

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an exotoxin that is produced by many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and an important virulence factor. A PVL-positive S. aureus infection leads to rapid and severe infections of soft tissue and necrotizing pneumonia in healthy adolescents, and has a high mortality.

Reliability of spot-check transcutaneous hemoglobin measurement in children.

Background: This study investigated the correlation between spot-check transcutaneous hemoglobin (Hb) and simultaneously measured venous Hb in children.

Methods: Two hundred and seventeen children weighing 10-30 kg in whom complete blood count had been obtained for any reason were enrolled in this study. Demographic characteristics and vital signs were recorded.

A case of brucellosis presenting with pericardial and pleural effusion.

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with a diverse clinical presentation. Pericardial and pleural involvement is rare in brucellosis. There is no presentation with pleural and pericardial effusion in childhood brusellosis.

Evaluation of childhood brucellosis in the central Black Sea region.

Brucellosis is a systemic infectious disease that leads to various clinical pictures and is still a significant health problem in Turkey. In this study, 52 pediatric patients diagnosed with brucellosis between January 2008 and December 2013 were examined. Clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, prognosis and complications were evaluated.

Pancytopenia As the Initial Manifestation of Brucellosis in Children.

Presenting with severe thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia is rare in children with brucellosis, and at the beginning it can be misdiagnosed as a hematological or a viral hemorrhagic disease. The follow-ups of 52 patients diagnosed with brucellosis from January, 2008, to December, 2013, in our clinic have shown the following results. Eleven out of these 52 patients revealed the fact that they had pancytopenia at the admission phase.

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with invasive diseases in Turkey: 2008-2014.

Successful vaccination policies for protection from invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) dependent on determination of the exact serotype distribution in each country. We aimed to identify serotypes of pneumococcal strains causing IPD in children in Turkey and emphasize the change in the serotypes before and after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was included and PCV-13 was newly changed in Turkish National Immunization Program. Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated at 22 different hospitals of Turkey, which provide healthcare services to approximately 65% of the Turkish population.

A case of tuberculous peritonitis in childhood.

Currently, tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. Peritoneal tuberculosis occurs in approximately 1% of all of tuberculosis cases and is rarely observed in children. Diagnosis and treatment delays caused by mimicking many other intra-abdominal diseases can lead to increases in morbidity and mortality.

Acute suppurative parotitis in a 33-day-old patient.

Acute suppurative parotitis is a rare disease in childhood. Its incidence is higher in premature newborns. Parotid swelling and pus drainage from Stenson's duct is pathognomonic, and Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent in most cases.

Pott's puffy tumor in a 12-year-old boy.

Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare complication of sinusitis characterized by subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital before it causes intracranial complications such as subdural empyema or brain abscess. Herein we describe the case of a 12-year-old patient who developed preseptal cellulitis and PPT, and was successfully treated with abscess drainage, sinus surgery and long-term antibiotic therapy.

Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), a disease characterized by inflammation of the small vessels, presents with palpable purpura, especially in the lower extremities. Its etiology is known to include drugs, infection, collagen tissue disease, and malignancy, but LCV caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs is very rarely seen. This report describes the case of a 12-year-old girl who developed LCV with rifampicin and ethambutol while undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment due to extensive pulmonary involvement.

Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus infection in childhood: a case report.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of musculoskeletal infections. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an exotoxin produced by S. aureus and is an important virulence factor.

Psoas abscess with septic arthritis of the hip: a case report.

Psoas abscess associated with septic arthritis of the hip is unusual in infants. A 12-month-old infant presented with the complaints of fever, left hip pain and limp. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed left psoas abscess accompanied by septic arthritis of the hip.

Fatal sepsis in a child with thalassemia major due to Serratia marcescens.

One of the most important causes of mortality in thalassemic patients is infectious disease. Thalassemic patients develop severe invasive infection caused by microorganisms that are rare in healthy individuals. We describe the case of a 13-year-old splenectomized boy who presented with septic shock and who died 36 h after admission, despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive supportive care.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection with Listeria innocua.

Listeria species may cause life-threatening events including meningitis and invasive infection in newborns, pregnant women, older and immunodeficient people. The most common Listeria species that causes infection is L. monocytogenes.

Invasive fungal infections in children with hematologic and malignant diseases.

Background: To evaluate the clinical feature and outcome of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in children with hematologic and malign diseases.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of children with hematologic and malignant diseases, who were hospitalized at our hospital between January 2010 and December 2011, were reviewed. Proven, probable, and possible IFIs were diagnosed according to the revised definitions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group.

Iliopsoas abscess in children: report on five patients with a literature review.

We aimed in this study to present the clinical findings in children with iliopsoas abscess (IPA) and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment. The files of five patients, hospitalized between August 2011 and June 2013 and monitored with a diagnosis of IPA, were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, symptoms and signs, laboratory examinations, and diagnostic and treatment methods of the cases were evaluated.

After myringotomy, can topical Mesna application be an alternative method to ventilation tube application?

Sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (Mesna) is a mucolytic substance that is also used for chemically assisted tissue dissection in otological surgery. We investigated the effects of Mesna as a chemical agent on the closing time of perforation of the eardrum in an experimental animal model. We performed simple myringotomy with a knife on 44 tympanic membranes of 22 rats.

Colistin use in pediatric intensive care unit for severe nosocomial infections: experience of an university hospital.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of colistin therapy in pediatric patients with severe nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods: The medical records of patients treated with colistin at a 200-bed university children hospital were reviewed.

Result: Thirty-one patients (male/female = 22/9; median age, 3 years; range, 3 months-17 years) received forty-one courses of colistin.

Analysis of the protective biochemical and pathologic effects of aminoguanidine on an experimental aspiration pneumonitis model induced by bile acids.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common clinical pathology detected in childhood. Bile acids (BAs) are present in reflux and cause various pathologies in the esophagus, the larynx, and the lungs.

Objective: We aimed to show if aminoguanidine (AG) contributes to the biochemical and histopathologic treatment of experimental aspiration pneumonitis induced by BAs.

A different placement of the stone; rhinolithiasis.

Introduction: Rhinolithiasis is a rare disease and formed by mineralization in the nasal cavity. Precipitated calcareous material on intranasal foreign substances forms the rhinoliths. It is start time could have since childhood.