The Force Cone Method Applied to Explain Hidden Whirls in Tribology.

In tribologically loaded materials, folding instabilities and vortices lead to the formation of complex internal structures. This is true for geological as well as nanoscopic contacts. Classically, these structures have been described by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities or shear localization.

One step purification of corilagin and ellagic acid from Phyllanthus urinaria using high-speed countercurrent chromatography.

High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) has been successfully applied to the preparative separation of corilagin and ellagic acid in one step from the Chinese medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria L. by use of direct and successive injections of a crude methanolic extract. Some aspects concerning the practical use of this technique in the described application are considered.