Corrigendum: Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation Efficacy Associated With Buffers From Three Kits Used on High-Throughput RNA Extraction Platforms.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.

Evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation Efficacy Associated With Buffers From Three Kits Used on High-Throughput RNA Extraction Platforms.

Rapid and demonstrable inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to ensure operator safety during high-throughput testing of clinical samples. The inactivation efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated using commercially available lysis buffers from three viral RNA extraction kits used on two high-throughput (96-well) RNA extraction platforms (Qiagen QIAcube HT and the Thermo Fisher KingFisher Flex) in combination with thermal treatment. Buffer volumes and sample ratios were chosen for their optimised suitability for RNA extraction rather than inactivation efficacy and tested against a representative sample type: SARS-CoV-2 spiked into viral transport medium (VTM).

ATP-specificity of succinyl-CoA synthetase from Blastocystis hominis.

Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes the only step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that leads to substrate-level phosphorylation. Some forms of SCS are specific for ADP/ATP or for GDP/GTP, while others can bind all of these nucleotides, generally with different affinities. The theory of `gatekeeper' residues has been proposed to explain the nucleotide-specificity.

The Fluoroquinolone Finafloxacin Protects BALB/c Mice Against an Intranasal Infection With Strain SchuS4.

The efficacy of the novel fluoroquinolone finafloxacin was evaluated as a potential therapeutic and , following an intranasal infection of strain SchuS4 in BALB/c mice. We demonstrated that short treatment courses of finafloxacin provide high levels of protection, with a single dose resulting in a significant increase in time to death when compared to ciprofloxacin. In addition, following investigation into the window of opportunity for treatment, we have shown that finafloxacin can provided protection when administered up to 96 h post-challenge.

Disulfiram, an alcohol dependence therapy, can inhibit the in vitro growth of Francisella tularensis.

Disulfiram (DSF) can help treat alcohol dependency by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Genomic analysis revealed that Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, has lost all but one ALDH-like domain and that this domain retains the target of DSF. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays demonstrated that both DSF and its primary metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) have strong antimicrobial activity against F.

The Human Gut Colonizer Respires Using Complex II and Alternative Oxidase to Buffer Transient Oxygen Fluctuations in the Gut.

is the most common eukaryotic microbe in the human gut. It is linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but its role in disease has been contested considering its widespread nature. This organism is well-adapted to its anoxic niche and lacks typical eukaryotic features, such as a cytochrome-driven mitochondrial electron transport.

Demonstrating the Protective Efficacy of the Novel Fluoroquinolone Finafloxacin against an Inhalational Exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei.

is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious disease endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Antibiotic treatment is lengthy and relapse often occurs. Finafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with increased antibacterial activity in acidic conditions in contrast to other fluoroquinolones which demonstrate reduced activity at a lower pH.

Inhaled Liposomal Ciprofloxacin Protects against a Lethal Infection in a Murine Model of Pneumonic Plague.

Inhalation of can lead to pneumonic plague, which without treatment is inevitably fatal. Two novel formulations of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin, 'ciprofloxacin for inhalation' (CFI, Lipoquin) and 'dual release ciprofloxacin for inhalation' (DRCFI, Pulmaquin) containing CFI and ciprofloxacin solution, are in development. These were evaluated as potential therapies for infection with .

Engineering Nucleotide Specificity of Succinyl-CoA Synthetase in Blastocystis: The Emerging Role of Gatekeeper Residues.

Charged, solvent-exposed residues at the entrance to the substrate binding site (gatekeeper residues) produce electrostatic dipole interactions with approaching substrates, and control their access by a novel mechanism called "electrostatic gatekeeper effect". This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the nucleotide specificity can be engineered by altering the electrostatic properties of the gatekeeper residues outside the binding site. Using Blastocystis succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS, EC 6.

The potential of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin as a tularemia therapy.

Liposome-encapsulation has been suggested as method to improve the efficacy of ciprofloxacin against the intracellular pathogen, Francisella tularensis. Early work with a prototype formulation, evaluated for use against the F. tularensis live vaccine strain, showed that a single dose of liposomal ciprofloxacin given by the intranasal or inhalational route could provide protection in a mouse model of pneumonic tularemia.

Liposome encapsulation of ciprofloxacin improves protection against highly virulent Francisella tularensis strain Schu S4.

Liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin for inhalation (CFI) was investigated as a putative postexposure therapeutic for two strains of Francisella tularensis. The efficacies of oral ciprofloxacin and intranasally instilled CFI could not be distinguished in a mouse model of infection with the F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), where a single dose of either formulation offered full protection against a lethal challenge.

Galleria mellonella as a model system to test the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antibiotics against Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Mammalian models of infection are paramount to elucidating the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and are also used for evaluating the efficacy of novel antimicrobials before the commencement of human trials. In this study, Galleria mellonella was used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics towards a Burkholderia thailandensis infection in G. mellonella larvae.

Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl-CoA synthetase.

The anaerobic lifestyle of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis raises questions about the biochemistry and function of its mitochondria-like organelles. We have characterized the Blastocystis succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS), a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme that conserves energy by substrate-level phosphorylation. We show that SCS localizes to the enigmatic Blastocystis organelles, indicating that these organelles might play a similar role in energy metabolism as classic mitochondria.

Organelles in Blastocystis that blur the distinction between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes.

Blastocystis is a unicellular stramenopile of controversial pathogenicity in humans. Although it is a strict anaerobe, Blastocystis has mitochondrion-like organelles with cristae, a transmembrane potential and DNA. An apparent lack of several typical mitochondrial pathways has led some to suggest that these organelles might be hydrogenosomes, anaerobic organelles related to mitochondria.