Characteristics Associated With Perceived Underemployment Among Participants With Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: To identify job characteristics related to perceived underemployment among people with spinal cord injury (SCI), while controlling for demographic, injury, and educational factors.

Design: Cross-sectional, logistic regression with predicted probabilities of underemployment

Setting: Medical University in the Southeastern United States.

Participants: 952 were adults with traumatic SCI, all of whom were a minimum of 1-year post-injury and employed at the time of the study.

Job Retention Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: Relationship With Prediagnostic Employment and Education; Demographic Characteristics; and Disease Course, Severity, and Complications.

Objective: To identify how prediagnosis employment, education, demographic statuses, and disease factors relate to job retention among people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design: Cross-sectional logit model.

Setting: Data were collected at an academic Medical University and a specialty hospital, both in the Southeastern US.

Barriers and Facilitators to Employment: A Comparison of Participants With Multiple Sclerosis and Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: To compare self-reported barriers and facilitators to employment among employed and unemployed participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Cross-sectional study using self-report assessment obtained by mail or online.

Setting: Medical university in the southeastern United States.

Employment status, hours working, and gainful earnings after spinal cord injury: relationship with pain, prescription medications for pain, and nonprescription opioid use.

Study Design: Cross-sectional self-report assessment. Econometric modeling.

Objectives: Identify the relationship of multiple pain indicators, prescription pain medication, nonprescription opioid use, and multiple indicators of quality employment among those with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Employment and Job Benefits Among Those With Spinal Cord Dysfunction: A Comparison of People With Spinal Cord Injury and Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: (1) Identify the proportion of participants with spinal cord dysfunction (SCD) reporting each of 10 job benefits and compare the proportions between participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS); and (2) examine if diagnostic criteria, demographics, education level, and functional limitations are associated with the number of job benefits received.

Design: Econometric modeling of cross-sectional data using a 2-step data analytic model of employment and job benefits.

Setting: Medical university in the southeastern United States.

Employment and Gainful Earnings Among Those With Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: To identify demographic, educational, and disease-related characteristics associated with the odds of employment and earnings among participants with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design: Cross-sectional using self-report assessment obtained by mail or online.

Setting: Medical university in the southeastern United States.

Comparison of factor structure models for the Beck Anxiety Inventory among cardiac rehabilitation patients.

Objective: Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) experience greater rates of distress symptoms, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, than the general population. These psychological outcomes have been linked to greater risk for negative outcomes following a cardiac event; however, research examining the relationship between specific components of anxiety and outcomes in CVD is limited. Further, prior research has not investigated the structure of anxiety symptoms in CVD.

Impact of Health Behaviors and Health Management on Employment After SCI: Psychological Health and Health Management.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between employment and psychological health and health management as described by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were employed at least once following injury. A qualitative approach used 6 focus groups at 2 sites with 44 participants who were at least 10 years post SCI. All had been employed at some point since injury.

The Impact of Health Behaviors and Health Management on Employment After SCI: Physical Health and Functioning.

: Research has shown that employment following spinal cord injury (SCI) is related to health and functioning, with physical health and functioning after SCI frequently identified as a primary barrier to employment. To examine the relationship between employment and behaviors associated with the management of physical health and functioning as described by individuals with SCI who have been employed post injury. A qualitative approach using 6 focus groups at 2 sites included 44 participants with SCI who had worked at some time post injury.

It's All of the Above: Benefits of Working for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: The majority of research on employment among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) focuses on the employment rate at a given point in time to the exclusion of quality employment outcomes.

Objective: To identify the employment outcomes of greatest importance as defined by those with SCI who have worked since injury.

Methods: A qualitative approach was used with 6 focus groups at 2 sites (Minnesota and Georgia).

Theoretical Risk and Prevention Model for Secondary Health Conditions and Mortality After SCI: 15 Years of Research.

Background: To successfully prevent secondary health conditions (SHCs) and promote longevity after spinal cord injury (SCI), we must first understand the risk factors precipitating their occurrence and develop strategies to address these risk factors. Conceptual models may aid in identifying the nature of SHCs and guide research, clinical practice, and the development of prevention strategies.

Objective: Our purpose is to review and refine an existing theoretical risk and prevention model (TRPM) as a means of classifying risk and protective factors for SHCs and mortality after SCI and for identifying points of intervention.

The relationship of pressure ulcers, race, and socioeconomic conditions after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To identify risks factors associated with pressure ulcers (PrU) after spinal cord injury (SCI) by examining race and indicators of socioeconomic status (measured by income and education). We hypothesize African Americans will have a greater risk for PrUs than whites, but this relationship will be mediated by the 2 socioeconomic status indicators.

Design: Cohort study.

Factor structure and predictive validity of somatic and nonsomatic symptoms from the patient health questionnaire-9: a longitudinal study after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To investigate the factor structure and predictive validity of somatic and nonsomatic depressive symptoms over the first 2.5 years after spinal cord injury (SCI) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Design: Somatic and nonsomatic symptoms were assessed at baseline during inpatient hospitalization (average of 50 days after onset) and during 2 follow-ups (average of 498 and 874 days after onset).

A structural analysis of health outcomes after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To develop and validate a latent model of health outcomes among persons with spinal cord injury.

Methods: Survey data were collected at a large specialty hospital in the southeastern USA from 1,388 adult participants with traumatic spinal cord injury of at least 1 year's duration. Multiple indicators of health outcomes were used, including general health ratings, days adversely affected by poor health and poor mental health, treatments and hospitalizations, depressive symptoms, symptoms of illness or infection (eg, sweats, chills, fever), and multiple individual conditions (eg, pressure ulcers, subsequent injuries, fractures, contractures).

Comparison of the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire for self-reported depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To directly compare estimates of potential depressive disorders and clinically significant depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire (OAHMQ) among participants with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Research Design: 727 participants from a hospital in the Southeastern United States were administered the PHQ-9 and OAHMQ during a follow-up survey. We compared the rates of depressive disorders using cutoff scores and diagnostic criteria for each instrument.

Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: measurement of underlying dimensions.

Objective: Evaluate the utility of the current 7-scale structure of the Life Situation Questionnaire-Revised (LSQ-R) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and explore the factor structure of each set of items.

Design: Adults (N = 1,543) with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) were administered the 20 satisfaction and 30 problems items from the LSQ-R.

Results: CFA suggests that the existing 7-scale structure across the 50 items was within the acceptable range (root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.

A latent variable structural path model of health behaviors after spinal cord injury.

Background/objective: To develop a latent behavioral model by identifying and confirming the factor structure of health behaviors of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their relationships with biographic, injury, and educational characteristics.

Research Design: Survey data were collected from 1388 adults with traumatic SCI of at least 1 year duration.

Main Outcome Measures: Selection of health behaviors was based on a bidimensional behavioral risk model.

Psychologic factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To identify the association of 2 distinct psychologic constructs, personality and purpose in life (PIL), with risk of early mortality among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Prospective cohort study with health data collected in late 1997 and early 1998 and mortality status ascertained in December 2005.

Setting: A large rehabilitation hospital in the southeastern United States.