RNA based individualized drug selection in breast cancer patients without patient-matched normal tissue.

Background: While standard RNA expression tests stratify patients into risk groups, RNA-Seq can guide personalized drug selection based on expressed mutations, fusion genes, and differential expression (DE) between tumor and normal tissue. However, patient-matched normal tissue may be unavailable. Additionally, biological variability in normal tissue and technological biases may confound results.

Elevated factor IX activity is associated with an increased odds ratio for both arterial and venous thrombotic events.

Objectives: Elevations of factor IX (FIX) are thought to contribute to thrombotic risk, but this has not been well characterized. We retrospectively sought to determine whether elevated FIX levels are a risk factor for thrombosis in 81 adult subjects younger than 65 years (mean, 47 years) who were referred for evaluation of a hypercoagulable state.

Methods: Patients were classified by arterial transient ischemic attack/stroke (TIA/stroke, n = 62) or venous thromboembolism (VTE, n = 19) events.