Breast Milk Retinol Levels after Vitamin A Supplementation at Different Postpartum Amounts and Intervals.

Maternal vitamin A (VA) supplementation in risk areas for Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was launched to improve the level of this nutrient in nursing mothers and in their breast milk. This longitudinal and randomized study aimed to evaluate the levels of retinol in breast milk after supplementation with VA in varying amounts (200,000 IU or 400,000 IU) and different postpartum intervals. Women were distributed into four intervention groups and given a single 200,000 IU postnatal dosage of VA at time 0 h (postnatal morning) (G200 0H); a single 200,000 IU dosage of VA in week four (G200 4W); 200,000 IU of VA at time 0 h + 200,000 IU of VA 24 h after the first supplementation (G400 24H); and 200,000 IU of VA at time 0 h + 200,000 IU of VA one week after the first supplementation (G400 1W).

Degree of processing and nutritional value of children's food products.

Objective: This study aimed to characterise the availability, the nutritional composition and the processing degree of industrial foods for 0-36-month-old children according to the neighbourhoods affluence.

Design: A cross-sectional exploratory study.

Setting: All food products available in retail stores for children aged 0-36 months were analysed.

Commercial foods for infants under the age of 36 months: an assessment of the availability and nutrient profile of ultra-processed foods.

Objective: Considering the negative impact of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on health, the current study assessed the availability and nutritional profile of commercial ultra-processed foods for infants in Natal, Brazil.

Design: A cross-sectional exploratory study.

Setting: Foods targeted at children under the age of 36 months sold in retail establishments located in high- and low-income areas of the one capital city of Brazil.