Type I and type IIb autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria: Using common clinical tools for endotyping patients with CSU.

Background: Mechanisms triggering the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) have been identified as type I autoallergic (which is associated with IgE antibodies against autoantigens) and type IIb autoimmune (which is driven by autoantibodies to FceR1 and/or IgE).

Objective: Our aim was to define presumptive endotypes in patients with CSU by using tests amenable to use in routine clinical practice.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 394 patients with CSU with or without chronic inducible urticaria or angioedema was performed.

Efficacy of dupilumab for the treatment of severe skin disease in cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 insufficiency: A role of type 2 inflammation?

We report on the successful treatment of a severe, recalcitrant dermatitis caused by CTLA-4 insufficiency with dupilumab, raising the possibility of a role of type 2 immunity in clinical conditions associated with CTLA-4 insufficiency.

EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0.

Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well-defined, highly pure molecules for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients.

Cockroach allergy: Understanding complex immune responses to develop novel therapies.

Cockroach allergy is associated with the development of asthma. The identification of cockroach allergens, which began in the 1990 s, is an ongoing process that has led to the current listing of 20 official allergen groups in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature database. The function and structure of some of these allergens has been determined and define their natural delivery into the environment and their allergenicity.

Prevalence of the eosinophilic phenotype among severe asthma patients in Brazil: the BRAEOS study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of the eosinophilic and allergic phenotypes of severe asthma in Brazil, as well as to investigate the clinical characteristics of severe asthma patients in the country.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adult patients diagnosed with severe asthma and managed at specialized centers in Brazil. The study was conducted in 2019.

Unnecessary Abdominal Surgeries in Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease mostly due to the deficiency of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH). HAE with normal C1-INH was first described in 2000 and associated with mutations in the coagulation factor XII in 2006. Both diseases are associated with high bradykinin production, resulting in increased vascular permeability.

Decreasing Attacks and Improving Quality of Life through a Systematic Management Program for Patients with Hereditary Angioedema.

Introduction: Prevention of attacks is a major goal in management of patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). We aimed to investigate the effects of a systematic intervention for HAE patients.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with HAE with C1-inhibitor deficiency, belonging to a single family, participated in a management program coordinated by an allergist/immunologist.

Acquired Angioedema due to C1 Inhibitor Deficiency Preceding Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Further Insights from Clinical Practice.

Background: Acquired angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (AAE-C1-INH) is a very rare disease. In clinical practice, it may be difficult to differentiate AAE-C1-INH from hereditary angioedema due to C1-INH deficiency (HAE-C1-INH). In both conditions, patients are at an increased risk of death from asphyxiation due to upper airway obstruction.

COVID-19, asthma, and biological therapies: What we need to know.

Managing patients with severe asthma during the coronavirus pandemic and COVID-19 is a challenge. Authorities and physicians are still learning how COVID-19 affects people with underlying diseases, and severe asthma is not an exception. Unless relevant data emerge that change our understanding of the relative safety of medications indicated in patients with asthma during this pandemic, clinicians must follow the recommendations of current evidence-based guidelines for preventing loss of control and exacerbations.

The allergenic activity and clinical impact of individual IgE-antibody binding molecules from indoor allergen sources.

A large number of allergens have been discovered but we know little about their potential to induce inflammation (allergenic activity) and symptoms. Nowadays, the clinical importance of allergens is determined by the frequency and intensity of their IgE antibody binding (allergenicity). This is a rather limited parameter considering the development of experimental allergology in the last 20 years and the criteria that support personalized medicine.

Parasite Infections, Allergy and Asthma: A Role for Tropomyosin in Promoting Type 2 Immune Responses.

Introduction: The relationship of parasite infections and promotion or protection from allergy and asthma is controversial. Currently, over 1.5 billion people are infected with parasites worldwide, and Ascaris lumbricoides is the most frequent soil-transmitted helminth.

B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 controls T9 cell development, IL-9 production, and allergic inflammation.

Background: The transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) has a key role in terminal differentiation in various T-cell subtypes. However, whether Blimp-1 regulates T9 differentiation and its role in allergic inflammation are unknown.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of Blimp-1 in T9 differentiation and in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation.

Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor and F12 Mutations in 42 Brazilian Families.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is a rare condition with clinical features similar to those of HAE with C1-INH deficiency. Mutations in the F12 gene have been identified in subsets of patients with HAE with normal C1-INH, mostly within families of European descent.

Objectives: Our aim was to describe clinical characteristics observed in Brazilians from 42 families with HAE and F12 gene mutations (FXII-HAE), and to compare these findings with those from other populations.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Latent Disease in Patients with Anaphylactic Reaction to Cow's Milk.

Background: Food allergy and eosinophilic esophagitis are a substantial and evolving public health issue. Clinicians should know the relationship between these diseases and how one may predispose to the other. This can help minimize misdiagnosis.

New Insights into Cockroach Allergens.

Purpose Of Review: This review addresses the most recent developments on cockroach allergen research in relation to allergic diseases, especially asthma.

Recent Findings: The number of allergens relevant to cockroach allergy has recently expanded considerably up to 12 groups. New X-ray crystal structures of allergens from groups 1, 2, and 5 revealed interesting features with implications for allergen standardization, sensitization, diagnosis, and therapy.

University and public health system partnership: A real-life intervention to improve asthma management.

Objective: Asthma is under-diagnosed in many parts of the world. We aimed to assess the outcome of a capacitating program on asthma for non-specialist physicians and other healthcare professionals working in the public system in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Methods: A group of 16 asthma specialists developed a one-year capacitating program in 11 healthcare clinics in the Northern District of the city, which included lectures on asthma, training on inhalation device use and spirometry, and development of an asthma management protocol.

Coagulation Factor XII Gene Mutation in Brazilian Families with Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is a rare disorder. Mutations of the gene encoding coagulation factor XII have been identified in a subset of patients with this condition. Our aim was to investigate mutations in the F12 gene in patients with HAE with normal C1-INH from Brazil.

Recombinant allergens for diagnosis of cockroach allergy.

Molecular cloning of cockroach allergens and their expression as recombinant proteins have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms of cockroach allergic disease. Recombinant cockroach allergens have been used for skin testing or in vitro methods to measure IgE antibody levels in serum. Early studies evaluating selected U.