Three-dimensional morphology of first molars in relation to ethnicity and the occurrence of cleft lip and palate.

Objectives: This study aims to describe morphological peculiarities of maxillary and mandibular first molars in Europeans, Asians and Europeans with cleft lip and palate.

Material And Methods: Reflex microscopy was used to obtain three-dimensional morphometric landmarks from 40 models (11 Europeans and 13 Asians without cleft lip and palate, 16 Europeans with unilateral cleft lip and palate). The cases were examined using traditional morphometry and geometric morphometry, and visualized using thin-plate splines.

Agenesis of second premolars and delayed dental maturation.

Aim: The purpose of this work was to examine the relationship between second-premolar agenesis and how rapidly permanent dentition develops.

Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 678 girls and boys aged 6-14 years were evaluated. Subjects with syndromes or history of tooth extraction were excluded.

Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary development in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate during the first six years of life.

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to analyse early upper-jaw development in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated using two different concepts and to compare shape and size developments between these two groups and a group of noncleft patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 204 maxillary casts available for this study from 50 UCLP patients were analyzed for upper-jaw development based on three-dimensional measurements performed with a Reflex Microscope from birth up to 71 months of age. Thirty-five of these 50 patients were part of an early treatment group (two-stage cleft closure with single-stage palatoplasty at an age of 10-14 months) and 15 were part of a late treatment group (two-stage cleft closure with palatoplasty at an age of 4-7 years).

Morphology of open bite.

Objectives: The purpose of this work was to define and illustrate the skeletal morphology of open-bite patients against the background of sagittal jaw relationships on the basis of lateral cephalograms.

Materials And Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 197 untreated adults were analyzed in dental imaging software (Onyx Ceph 3™; Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany). Four groups were formed based on vertical (Index scores) and sagittal (individualized ANB values) parameters.

Studies on the craniofacial morphology of adult cleft patients using euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA): a cephalometric study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the craniofacial morphology of a group of orthognathic adults to adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who had undergone delayed cleft closure.

Patients And Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 38 adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (cleft group) were submitted for cephalometric analysis with Onyx Ceph((R)) and the x-y coordinates compared to measurements from a reference group of 103 untreated orthognathic adults (non-cleft group). Comparison was based on the cephalometric variables, and a Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) was applied to identify morphological differences, and describe their size and location.

Three-dimensional analysis of the deciduous dentition of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate and delayed cleft closure.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the three-dimensional morphology of the maxilla of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate treated by a delayed cleft closure in the deciduous dentition. They were compared to a eugnathic control group.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-two study casts of complete bilateral cleft lip and palate from the archive of the former Wolfgang-Rosenthal Clinic Thallwitz were scanned in three-dimensions and compared to an equally large eugnathic control group.

Morphometric analysis of facial profile in adults.

Aim: Are centroid size, principal component analysis (PCA) and thin-plate splines (TPS) sufficient for determining facial morphology? Is it possible to identify relationships between cranial morphology, gender and facial profile?

Material And Methods: Profile photos of 110 adult patients were measured according to A.M. Schwarz landmarks using Onyx Ceph.

Evaluation of the progress of therapy in patients with cleft lip, jaw and palate, using voice analysis--a pilot study.

Background: The defective morphology of the hard and soft palate in patients with cleft lip, jaw and/or palate in conjunction with speech, voice and hearing disorders can considerably restrict the ability to communicate. Changes in vocal timbre and the centripetal displacement of articulation are characteristic of cleft palate speech. There has not been a uniform diagnostic method in cleft centers to date which makes possible the analysis, documentation and comparison of changes in timbre.

Changes in arch form following surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SRME).

Background And Aim: Surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion is a frequently employed procedure for expanding the maxilla in adults to treat pronounced transversal discrepancies of the upper jaw. Several studies have shown how the position of the anchorage teeth changes due to SRME. However, there is little detailed information available on the transversal movement of each tooth, its change in inclination and subsequent alterations of the arch length, width and sagittal arch form.

Vertical development of the cleft segments in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate: effect of dentofacial orthopedic and surgical treatment on maxillary morphology from birth to the age of 11 months.

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to use 3D (threedimensional) analysis of maxillary casts to document and graphically demonstrate the clinically-visible vertical deviation of the premaxilla and lateral segments from a defined reference plane, and to describe the effect of presurgical dentofacial orthopedic treatment and cleft lip operation.

Material And Methods: The maxillary morphology of 17 infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (investigation group) was examined by means of 3D cast measurement with a reflex microscope from the time of birth to the age of 11 months. All the patients were treated at the Dental Center of the University of Leipzig according to the same treatment approach [15], which in the first year of life entails the insertion of a modified palatal plate according to Hotz [17, 18], one-stage surgical repair of the cleft lip (at the age of 4-6 months on average), and closure of the hard and soft palates 6 months later.

Potential and limits of achieving neutral occlusion in patients with clefts of lip, alveolus and palate.

Introduction: Therapy of cleft patients aims to control bone growth and tooth development so as to ensure a secure occlusion with good function. This paper aims to uncover the potential and limits of achieving neutral occlusion in patients with clefts of lip, alveolus and palate. Two treatment approaches are presented and compared with respect to the best long-term results.

The functionally based Leipzig concept for the treatment of patients with cleft lip, alveolus and palate.

In the year 1994 the former GDR cleft centre was integrated into the Department of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery of the University of Leipzig. The treatment scheme of functional surgery according to DELAIRE was introduced to this new cleft and craniofacial centre at the University of Leipzig. The interdisciplinary team of specialists meets twice a week during a cleft clinic and takes care of about 900 out-patients per year.

Investigations into growth and differentiation in the cartilage of the condylar process in the domestic pig. A quantitative study of endochondral cartilage growth and cell distribution.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the ratio of the endochondral growth components cell volume increase to matrix production was subject to age-dependent and animal-specific changes per cell in the condylar cartilage of the domestic pig. In addition, it was to be investigated whether the cell distribution in the condylar cartilage and thus the tissue differentiation changes as one aspect of the aging process and whether the differentiation differs from that of primary hyaline cartilage.

Material And Methods: The tissue specimens available were hematoxylin/eosin-stained section series from the cartilage of the condylar process of six domestic pigs (0-24 months) of the genus Suis scrofa.

Cytophotometrical and immunohistochemical analysis of soft palate muscles of children with isolated cleft palate and combined cleft lip and palate.

Palatal muscle biopsies from the cleft margin of children were subjected to cytophotometrical and immunohistochemical analysis. Muscle fiber types were classified according to the enzyme activity of myofibrillic adenosine triphosphatase, glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase assessed cytophotometrically. Fiber type-related immunoreactivity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms I, II, III, as a physiological modulator of skeletal muscle function, was related to the oxidative and glycolytic activity of the muscle fibers.

Vertical changes in the positions of the cleft segments of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Changes from birth to palatoplasty at the age of 10-14 months.

Patients And Method: Clinically discernible vertical deviations of the cleft segments in nasal direction were registered and visualized using model series of 16 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. All patients were treated according to the cleft concept of the University of Leipzig, with labioplasty being performed at the age of 4-6 months and palatoplasty at the age of 10-14 months. All patients had a modified Hotz plate inserted until the palate was closed.