A warm Neptune's methane reveals core mass and vigorous atmospheric mixing.

Observations of transiting gas giant exoplanets have revealed a pervasive depletion of methane, which has only recently been identified atmospherically. The depletion is thought to be maintained by disequilibrium processes such as photochemistry or mixing from a hotter interior. However, the interiors are largely unconstrained along with the vertical mixing strength and only upper limits on the CH depletion have been available.

Efficient Vascular and Neural Engraftment of Stem Cell-Derived Islets.

Pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) have emerged as a new source for β-cell replacement therapy. The function of human islet transplants is hampered by excessive cell death posttransplantation; contributing factors include inflammatory reactions, insufficient revascularization, and islet amyloid formation. However, there is a gap in knowledge of the engraftment process of SC-islets.

Preclinical evaluation of Affibody molecule for PET imaging of human pancreatic islets derived from stem cells.

Background: Beta-cell replacement methods such as transplantation of isolated donor islets have been proposed as a curative treatment of type 1 diabetes, but widespread application is challenging due to shortages of donor tissue and the need for continuous immunosuppressive treatments. Stem-cell-derived islets have been suggested as an alternative source of beta cells, but face transplantation protocols optimization difficulties, mainly due to a lack of available methods and markers to directly monitor grafts survival, as well as their localization and function. Molecular imaging techniques and particularly positron emission tomography has been suggested as a tool for monitoring the fate of islets after clinical transplantation.

Bulk-Boundary Correspondence and Singularity-Filling in Long-Range Free-Fermion Chains.

The bulk-boundary correspondence relates topologically protected edge modes to bulk topological invariants and is well understood for short-range free-fermion chains. Although case studies have considered long-range Hamiltonians whose couplings decay with a power-law exponent α, there has been no systematic study for a free-fermion symmetry class. We introduce a technique for solving gapped, translationally invariant models in the 1D BDI and AIII symmetry classes with α>1, linking together the quantized winding invariant, bulk topological string-order parameters, and a complete solution of the edge modes.

Evolution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation trigger criteria in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: To understand the implications of a tiered extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) criteria framework and the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome who we were consulted on for ECMO but ultimately declined.

Methods: All patients declined for ECMO support by a large regional health care system between March 2020 and July 2021 were included. Restrictive selection criteria were enacted midway through the study stratifying the cohort into 2 groups.

Recent change in spatial distribution of the European flat oyster () inferred from field data and empirical models of living oysters and empty shells.

Marine coastal areas are increasingly affected by human activities resulting in changes in species and habitat distributions. Understanding these patterns and its causes and consequences is important for conservation and restoration of such changing habitats. One habitat that has been heavily affected by human use are the North Sea oyster beds which once were abundant but have lost large parts of its coastal distribution due to overexploitation.

Plasma proteins elevated in severe asthma despite oral steroid use and unrelated to Type-2 inflammation.

Rationale: Asthma phenotyping requires novel biomarker discovery.

Objectives: To identify plasma biomarkers associated with asthma phenotypes by application of a new proteomic panel to samples from two well-characterised cohorts of severe (SA) and mild-to-moderate (MMA) asthmatics, COPD subjects and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods: An antibody-based array targeting 177 proteins predominantly involved in pathways relevant to inflammation, lipid metabolism, signal transduction and extracellular matrix was applied to plasma from 525 asthmatics and HCs in the U-BIOPRED cohort, and 142 subjects with asthma and COPD from the validation cohort BIOAIR.

[Osteoporotic fractures - still a challenge, the Swedish National Hip Fracture Registry shows undertreatment of osteoporosis after hip fractures].

Yearly 16 000 osteoporosis related hip fractures occur in Sweden. They cause suffering for patients and high costs for society. Subsequent fractures can be reduced with osteoporosis diagnostics and treatment.

Identifying high-density areas of oysters using species distribution modeling: Lessons for conservation of the native and management of the invasive () in Sweden.

Aim: Understanding spatial patterns of the distribution of adult native oyster, , and the invasive is important for management of these populations. The aim of this study was to use ensemble SDM's to (a) identify and predict conservation hotspots, (b) assess the current level of protection for and (c) quantify the amount of overlap between the two species where interactions with are most likely.

Location: Skagerrak, Sweden.

Re-evaluation of combined ((ES/EG)/(TS/TG)) ratio as a marker of testosterone intake in men.

To detect doping with pseudo-endogenous anabolic steroids in sports, a urinary steroid profile with glucuronidated plus unconjugated androgens is used. In addition to analyze androgen glucuronide metabolites, it can be of interest to also include sulfate metabolites in the urinary steroid profile. The combined ratios of epitestosterone sulfate/epitestosterone glucuronide to the ratios of testosterone sulfate/testosterone glucuronide ((ES/EG)/(TS/TG)) have previously been investigated as a complementary biomarker for testosterone doping.

Medication Adherence in Patients With Severe Asthma Prescribed Oral Corticosteroids in the U-BIOPRED Cohort.

Background: Although estimates of suboptimal adherence to oral corticosteroids in asthma range from 30% to 50%, no ideal method for measurement exists; the impact of poor adherence in severe asthma is likely to be particularly high.

Research Questions: What is the prevalence of suboptimal adherence detected by self-reporting and direct measures? Is suboptimal adherence associated with disease activity?

Study Design And Methods: Data were included from individuals with severe asthma taking part in the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) study and prescribed daily oral corticosteroids. Participants completed the Medication Adherence Report Scale, a five-item questionnaire used to grade adherence on a scale from 1 to 5, and provided a urine sample for analysis of prednisolone and metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Emergent Plasmapheresis for Hyperammonemia in a Re-do Double Lung Transplant Patient.

Hyperammonemia after lung transplant is a severe complication that can result in cerebral herniation. It is associated with up to 70% mortality in patients who have had solid organ transplantation. We describe a rare case in which hyperammonemia was emergently and successfully treated with plasmapheresis in a re-do double lung transplant patient who developed shocked liver.

Supporting Local Health Departments to Lead Multisectoral Youth Violence Prevention Efforts.

This article examines organizational-level outcomes achieved during a technical assistance (TA) initiative designed to increase the capacity of local health departments (LHDs) to prevent youth violence (YV) via a multisectoral approach. This effort was designed to address the knowledge gap regarding how to provide effective TA to LHDs, specifically in YV. Twelve communities with high rates of YV were selected to participate using a multistage process.

Urinary Leukotriene E and Prostaglandin D Metabolites Increase in Adult and Childhood Severe Asthma Characterized by Type 2 Inflammation. A Clinical Observational Study.

New approaches are needed to guide personalized treatment of asthma. To test if urinary eicosanoid metabolites can direct asthma phenotyping. Urinary metabolites of prostaglandins (PGs), cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), and isoprostanes were quantified in the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Diseases Outcomes) study including 86 adults with mild-to-moderate asthma (MMA), 411 with severe asthma (SA), and 100 healthy control participants.

Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Physical Performance in Female Olympic Athletes.

The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) is suggested to be a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone. Little is known about the role of the 2D:4D ratio in relation to serum and urinary androgens for physical performance in female athletes. We aimed to compare the 2D:4D ratio in female Olympic athletes with sedentary controls, and to investigate the 2D:4D ratio in relation to serum and urinary androgens and physical performance in the athletes.

Assessment of the population of in Sweden: A marginal population of significance?

Unlabelled: The European flat oyster is an economically and ecologically important species subjected to extensive protection and restoration efforts, due to sharp population declines in Europe. In Sweden, occurs at the northern fringe of its range. Knowledge of the distribution and abundance of the species is limited, and the size of the population has never been estimated.

The impact of care process development and comorbidity on time to surgery, mortality rate and functional outcome for hip fracture patients: a retrospective analysis over 19 years with data from the Swedish National Registry for hip fracture patients, RIKSHÖFT.

Unlabelled: For a long time the attention given to the hip fracture patient group was minor and without any certain consideration to their frailty. To improve the care for these patients Skane University Hospital in Lund has during the past 19 years worked actively with developing the care. This paper aims to describe what impact the care process development has had on functional outcome and mortality, as well as to analyze the impact of comorbidity and fracture type.

Protective role of relaxin in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy.

Background: Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a chronic, progressive interstitial nephritis. To date, treatment strategies remain limited. Mounting evidence shows that relaxin (RLX) possesses powerful anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic characteristics, therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of RLX in aristolochic acid (AA) induced nephrotoxicity.

Hip fractures - Treatment and functional outcome. The development over 25 years.

Background: Nearly 18,000 individuals suffer from hip fracture in Sweden each year. The choice in operation method for femoral neck fractures has changed over the years as well as the overall management. Functional outcome after hip fracture is affected by several factors and the overall functional level for old people in Sweden has improved over the last decades.

Feeding and lighting practices on small-scale extensive pastured poultry commercial farms in the United States.

As commercial free-range and pastured poultry production has gained increased popularity in the United States in recent years, there is a greater need to understand basic husbandry practices including feeding and lighting practices. Because husbandry practices vary greatly between individual commercial pastured poultry and free-range operations, gaining knowledge across a wide cross-section of producers is necessary to better understand current practices. Specifically, because feed is considered the most expensive part of poultry production with respect to operating cost, in collaboration with the American Pastured Poultry Producers Association, an on-line survey of commercial free-range and pastured poultry producers was conducted aimed primarily at evaluating feeding and lighting practices.

Effects of Geriatric Team Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: Systematic rehabilitation by geriatric interdisciplinary teams has been associated with favorable outcomes in frail older patients. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of interdisciplinary geriatric team rehabilitation in older patients with hip fracture.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized controlled trials involving participants sustaining hip fractures at the age of 65 years or older were included.

Pregnancy-Induced Perturbation of Urinary Androgenic Steroid Disposition.

Objective: To investigate the excretion and conjugation profile of testosterone (T), Epitestosterone (EpiT), and other androgen metabolites in different phases of pregnancy and postpregnancy as a reflection of the "androgenic exposure."

Design: Consecutive recruitment of pregnant women.

Setting: Maternity outpatient low-risk pregnancy clinic.

Developing methods for assessing abundance and distribution of European oysters (Ostrea edulis) using towed video.

Due to large-scale habitat losses and increasing pressures, benthic habitats in general, and perhaps oyster beds in particular, are commonly in decline and severely threatened on regional and global scales. Appropriate and cost-efficient methods for mapping and monitoring of the distribution, abundance and quality of remaining oyster populations are fundamental for sustainable management and conservation of these habitats and their associated values. Towed video has emerged as a promising method for surveying benthic communities in a both non-destructive and cost-efficient way.