Early postoperative alterations of ventilation parameters after tracheostomy in major burn injuries.

Purpose: In patients with major burn injuries mechanical ventilation is often required for longer periods. Tracheostomy (TS) plays an integral role in airway management. We investigated the effect of TS on ventilation parameters within 8 hours after TS.

Intercompartmental fluid volume shifts during cardiopulmonary bypass measured by A-mode ultrasonography.

To investigate the time course of fluid extravasation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we measured the peripheral tissue thickness (TT) by A-mode ultrasound in 34 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. TT of the forehead was determined by a handheld A-mode ultrasound device and 10 MHz Transducer at nine defined intervals, from the night before surgery until the first postoperative day. Mean calculated loss of 1700 +/- 40 mL (SEM) water during the fasting period resulted in a significant reduction of TT by 0.

Hypergravity and dehydration-induced shifts of interstitial fluid in the skin monitored by ultrasound.

Introduction: Spaceflight is associated with a shift of interstitial fluid toward the skin of the head and a fluid loss that can decrease superficial tissue thickness (TT). To collect the physiological data needed to develop techniques for monitoring the hydration status of astronauts during spaceflight, we investigated the changes in TT induced by a 12-h nil-by-mouth period and a 30-min period of +2 Gz hypergravity measured at forehead and tibia.

Methods: There were 16 male volunteers who were twice subjected to 30 min of +2 Gz acceleration in a human centrifuge, once following an oral fluid load of 250 ml x h(-1) (procedure A), and once following a nil-by-mouth period of 12 h (procedure B).

Na /H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide: effects on respiratory dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide to protect the lung from injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In a randomized placebo-controlled study, 16 pigs were subjected to CPB for 75 min. Administration of vehicle or cariporide (bolus 180 mg, 40 mg/hour) began 30 min pre-CPB and was continued throughout the protocol.

Organ-specific extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue during nonresuscitated hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Shock-induced enhanced capillary permeability is associated with alterations in the interstitial matrix composition and contributes to organ damage. This study was designed to evaluate albumin extravasation in various organ tissues during severe, hemorrhagic shock without fluid resuscitation and reperfusion. Target value of hemorrhagic shock was a reduction of cardiac output (CO) by 50% induced by removal of blood.

A rise of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with acute lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in a swine model.

Postoperative acute lung injury (ALI) contributes to the morbidity and mortality following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To determine whether the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is associated with ALI after CPB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were compared with parameters indicating impaired gas exchange. In a prospective study, 17 minipigs were subjected to CPB for 60 min.

Automated evaluation of functional residual capacity by oxygen washout.

Objective: Measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) is of considerable interest for monitoring ventilated patients in ICUs. However, the lack of instruments that can be used in the clinical setting has so far impeded the routine application of this measurement. It was the aim of our study to evaluate the accuracy and the reproducibility of a simplified oxygen washout technique (FRC[O2]).

Comparison of two oxygen delivery systems for safe sedation and spinal anesthesia in sheep.

Proper oxygenation is critical to prevent hypoxia and myocardial ischemia in animals during pharmacological sedation. The authors compared the efficacy of two oxygen delivery masks during sedation and spinal anesthesia for knee surgery in sheep.