Estimating metabolic rate from ISO heart rate method and two walking equations.

Assigning a value for metabolic rate is central to heat stress assessment. ISO 8996 describes a predictive method for walking based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) method and another generalized method based on average heart rate. In addition, the US Army uses the load carriage decision aid (LCDA) predictive equation to estimate metabolic rate.

Analysis of the community behavioural patterns in management of household plastic waste due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected human lifestyle in numerous ways and one such key affected social element is the management of household plastic waste. Due to its effective barrier properties against the COVID-19 virus, usage and consumption of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other single-use plastic (SUP) products have increased exponentially to meet the accelerated demand. Therefore, this paper analyses the changes in community behavioural patterns of household plastic waste management with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic situation in Sri Lanka.

Potential Emerging Risks Among Children Following Parental Opioid-Related Overdose Death.

This cohort study examines the human service encounters and mental health service use of children who experienced parental loss because of opioid-related overdoses in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

Meeting EU ELV targets: Pilot-scale pyrolysis automotive shredder residue investigation of PAHs, PCBs and environmental contaminants in the solid residue products.

The EU's publication of the 2017 End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling and Recovery results reported that the UK failed to meet its targets. The Commission's data showed that the UK only achieved a rate of 94.1% falling short of the 95% target.

The Effect of Incomplete Death Certificates on Estimates of Unintentional Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999-2015.

Objectives: A complete and accurate count of the number of opioid-related overdose deaths is essential to properly allocate resources. We determined the rate of unintentional overdose deaths (non-opioid-related, opioid-related, or unspecified) in the United States and by state from 1999 to 2015 and the possible effects of underreporting on national estimates of opioid abuse.

Methods: We abstracted unintentional drug overdose deaths ( International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes X40-X44) with contributory drug-specific T codes (T36.

The Rapid Escalation of Fentanyl in Illicit Drug Evidence in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 2010-2016.

Opioid overdose deaths in the United States quadrupled from 1999 (n = 8050 deaths) to 2015 (n = 33 091 deaths), and the number of deaths associated with synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, increased from 3105 deaths in 2013 to nearly 20 000 deaths in 2016. Given this rapid increase, timely surveillance for drugs in circulation is crucial. However, current surveillance systems used to track drug overdoses do not detect new drugs in circulation quickly.

Loperamide-Induced Torsades de Pointes: A Case Series.

Loperamide is an over-the-counter, inexpensive, antidiarrheal opioid that can produce life-threatening toxicity at high concentrations. CASE REPORT 1: A 28-year-old man with a history of depression and substance abuse disorder (SUD) presented to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath and lightheadedness. He ingested large amounts of loperamide daily.

Report of Increasing Overdose Deaths that include Acetyl Fentanyl in Multiple Counties of the Southwestern Region of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 2015-2016.

Acetyl fentanyl is a Schedule I controlled synthetic opioid that is becoming an increasingly detected "designer drug." Routine drug screening procedures in local forensic toxicology laboratories identified a total of 41 overdose deaths associated with acetyl fentanyl within multiple counties of the southwestern region of the state of Pennsylvania. The range, median, mean, and standard deviation of blood acetyl fentanyl concentrations for these 41 cases were 0.

Nurses' perceptions of caring for parents of children with chronic medical complexity in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of caring for parents of children with medical complexity [CMC] in the pediatric intensive care unit [PICU].

Research Methodology: An interpretive descriptive design was used to explore nurses' perceptions of caring for parents of CMC in the PICU. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten nurses.

Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal.

The challenge for the automotive industry is how to ensure they adopt the circular economy when it comes to the disposal of end-of-life vehicles (ELV). According to the European Commission the UK achieved a total reuse and recovery rate of 88%. This is short of the revised ELV directive target of 95% materials recovery, which requires a minimum of 85% of materials to be recycled or reused.

Drug Overdose Surveillance and Information Sharing via a Public Database: The Role of the Medical Examiner/Coroner.

The medical examiner/coroner (ME/C) death scene investigation systems of the United States play a pivotal role in the current public health crisis created by the expanding drug dependency epidemic in the United States. The first point of recognition of a drug-related death in a community is often the local ME/C agency. This circumstance places these entities in an ideal position to provide surveillance data regarding the epidemiology of drug-related deaths occurring within the jurisdiction of the agency.

The pharmacist's role in overdose: Using mapping technologies to analyze naloxone and pharmacy distribution.

Objectives: To present preliminary research using geographic information system (GIS) mapping as a tool that can be integrated into pharmacy practice to increase access to and utilization of pharmacy-based interventions, including the distribution of naloxone.

Methods: Overdose death data was collected from medical examiner reports in an online database, and pharmacies carrying and distributing naloxone were determined by ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) in Allegheny County, PA. The distribution of overdose death rates was analyzed in relation to naloxone-carrying pharmacies and all licensed pharmacies in the county with the use of GIS mapping.

Correction: Patterns and Trends in Accidental Poisoning Deaths: Pennsylvania's Experience 1979-2014.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Patterns and trends in accidental poisoning death rates in the US, 1979-2014.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine US accidental poisoning death rates by demographic and geographic factors from 1979 to 2014, including High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas.

Methods: Crude and age-adjusted death rates were formed for age group, race, sex, and county for accidental poisonings (ICD 9th revision: E850-E869; ICD 10th revision: X40-X49) from 1979 to 2014 using the Mortality and Population Data System housed at the University of Pittsburgh. Rate ratios were calculated comparing rates from 2014 to 1979, overall, by sex, age group, race, and county.

Patterns and Trends in Accidental Poisoning Deaths: Pennsylvania's Experience 1979-2014.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine county and state-level accidental poisoning mortality trends in Pennsylvania from 1979 to 2014.

Methods: Crude and age-adjusted death rates were formed for age group, race, sex, and county for accidental poisonings (ICD 10 codes X40-X49) from 1979 to 2014 for ages 15+ using the Mortality and Population Data System housed at the University of Pittsburgh. Rate ratios were calculated comparing rates from 1979 to 2014, overall and by sex, age group, and race.

The psychosocial experience of individuals living with osteogenesis imperfecta: a mixed-methods systematic review.

Purpose: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder (prevalence: 1:10,000), leading to bone fragility, frequent fractures, and varying degrees of physical limitations. Despite a substantial amount of research on the genetics, pathophysiology, and treatments related to OI, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the lived psychosocial experience of the OI population. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to review, appraise, and synthesize the literature on the psychosocial experience of children and adults with OI with the goal of identifying implications for research, practice, and policy-making.

Driving under the influence, public policy, and pharmacy practice.

Motor vehicle accidents due to prescription drug impairment have increased in the past decade. Typically, impairment is associated with medications causing excessive drowsiness, such as opioids or benzodiazepines, but the scope of driving under the influence (DUI)-drug charges is reaching into medications that are not typically considered impairing, such as antipsychotics, antiepileptics, and mood stabilizers. Data associating medication use with driving impairment are growing, especially with agents not typically thought of as impairing.

Underrepresentation of heroin involvement in unintentional drug overdose deaths in Allegheny County, PA.

Drugs contributing to overdose deaths are listed on death certificates, but their validity is rarely studied. To assess the accuracy of "morphine" and "codeine" listings on death certificates for unintentional overdose deaths in Allegheny County, PA, investigative and laboratory reports were reviewed. Deaths were reclassified as heroin-related if documentation showed 6-monoacetylmorphine in blood or urine, "stamp bags" or drug paraphernalia at scene, history of heroin use, or track marks.

Coxsackievirus B4 myocarditis and meningoencephalitis in newborn twins.

Coxsackievirus B4 (CB4) is a picornavirus associated with a variety of human diseases, including neonatal meningoencephalitis, myocarditis and type 1 diabetes. We report the pathological findings in twin newborns who died during an acute infection. The twins were born 1 month premature but were well and neurologically intact at birth.

The affordable care ACT on loyalty programs for federal beneficiaries.

Objective: To discuss changes in the law that allow community pharmacy loyalty programs to include and offer incentives to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries.

Summary: The retailer rewards exception of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and its change to the definition of remuneration in the civil monetary penalties of the Anti-Kickback Statute now allow incentives to be earned on federal benefit tied prescription out-of-pocket costs. The criteria required to design a compliant loyalty program are discussed.

Emergency contraception, institutional conscience, and pharmacy practice.

"Emergency contraception" case law from the state of Washington is reviewed and analyzed. Important legal, social policy, and professional ethical questions are considered with focus on professional and institutional conscientious objection to participating in this therapy.