Vapor-Phase Formation of a Hole-Transporting Thiophene Polymer Layer for Evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells.

Homogeneous layer formation on textured silicon substrates is essential for the fabrication of highly efficient monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cells. From all well-known techniques for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the evaporation method offers the highest degree of freedom for layer-by-layer deposition independent of the substrate's roughness or texturing. Hole-transporting polymers with high hole mobility and structural stability have been used as effective hole-transporting materials (HTMs) of PSCs.

Efficiency Enhancement and Hysteresis Mitigation by Manipulation of Grain Growth Conditions in Hybrid Evaporated-Spin-coated Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells have become a game changer in the field of photovoltaics by reaching power conversion efficiencies beyond 23%. To achieve even higher efficiencies, it is necessary to increase the understanding of crystallization, grain formation, and layer ripening. In this study, by a systematic variation of methylammonium iodide (MAI) concentrations, we changed the stoichiometry and thereupon the crystal growth conditions in MAPbI perovskite solar cells, prepared by a two-step hybrid evaporation-spin-coating deposition method.

Detailed Investigation of Evaporated Perovskite Absorbers with High Crystal Quality on Different Substrates.

Dual-source vapor-phase deposition enables low-temperature fabrication of high-performance planar structure perovskite (CHNHPbI) solar cells (PSCs), applicable in tandem devices or for industrial production with high homogeneity. Herein, we report low-temperature fabrication of high-efficiency PSCs by dual-source vapor-phase deposition and significance of TiO surface modification with [6,6]-phenyl C butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on cell performance. Co-evaporation of PbI and CHNHI, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses, results in CHNHPbI layers with a well-crystallized tetragonal phase formed on both TiO and TiO/PCBM electron-transport layers (ETLs).