Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use in pregnancy: a review.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are peptide analogues that are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The first medication in this class, exenatide, was approved in 2005, and these medications, specifically semaglutide, have become more popular in recent years due to their pronounced effects on glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiovascular health. Due to successful weight loss from these medications, many women previously diagnosed with oligomenorrhea and unable to conceive have experienced unplanned pregnancies while taking the medications.

Placental SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Implications for Increased Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective:  Pregnant women are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This could be explained through the prism of physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy. In addition, certain immunological reactions originate in the placenta in response to viral infections.

The impact of trimester of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes after recovery.

Objectives: Many physiological adaptations occur during pregnancy. It is not currently known how timing of COVID-19 infection impacts pregnancy. We hypothesize that maternal and neonatal outcomes are different if COVID-19 infection occurs in different trimesters of pregnancy.

Prepregnancy Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis of obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically investigate a wide range of obstetrical and neonatal outcomes with respect to 2 types of prepregnancy bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, through: (1) providing a meta-analysis of the effect of bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs no surgery and, separately, sleeve gastrectomy vs no surgery) on adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes, and (2) comparing the relative benefit of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy using both conventional and network meta-analysis.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase systematically from inception up to April 30, 2021.

Eligibility Criteria: Studies reporting on pregnancies' obstetrical and neonatal outcomes with respect to 2 types of prepregnancy bariatric surgery-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy-were included.

The Optimal Cesarean Skin Incision in Patients with Super Obesity.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if supraumbilical midline vertical incision performed in patients with a hanging pannus (umbilicus at the level of the pubic bone) is a reasonable alternative to the Pfannenstiel in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 50 kg/m undergoing cesarean delivery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study in patients with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m undergoing cesarean delivery at a single center from 2016 to 2020. Study groups were Pfannenstiel's versus supraumbilical vertical skin incision.

Gestational weight gain below instead of within the guidelines per class of maternal obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically investigate a wide range of obstetrical and neonatal outcomes as they relate to gestational weight gain less than the current Institute of Medicine and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines when compared with weight gain within the guideline range and to stratify outcomes by the class of obesity and by the type of study analysis.

Data Sources: We systematically searched studies on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2009 to April 30, 2021.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Studies reporting on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies related to gestational weight gain less than the current Institute of Medicine and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines in comparison with weight gain within the guidelines among women with obesity overall (body mass index >30 kg/m) and/or a specific class of obesity (I: body mass index, 30-34.

Comparison of two combined antiretroviral treatment regimens in the management of HIV in pregnancy: an observational study.

Objective: Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in pregnancy traditionally included two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus 1 protease inhibitor (PI). Recently, integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) have been approved for use in pregnancy. We sought to compare the rate of undetectable VL near delivery in pregnant HIV-infected women receiving INSTI-based versus PI-based cART.

Fetal Alcohol Exposure: The Common Toll.

Alcohol has always been present in human life, and currently it is estimated that 50% of women of childbearing age consume alcohol. It has become increasingly clear over the last years that alcohol exposure during fetal development can have detrimental effects on various organ systems, and these effects are exerted by alcohol through multiple means, including effects on free radical formation, cellular apoptosis, as well as gene expression. Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to a spectrum of short term as well as long-term problems, with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome being on the more severe end of that spectrum.