Publications by authors named "Karl Katholnig"

Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) exerts critical functions as tumor suppressor and in immune cells to regulate inflammatory processes. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) promotes degradation of PDCD4 via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). However, additional pathways that may regulate PDCD4 expression are largely ill-defined.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • mTORC1 is a key regulator of macrophage functions, affecting their growth and metabolism, but its exact biochemical processes are still being explored.
  • The study uses a multiomics approach combined with a modeling technique called COVRECON to find a key biochemical factor that impacts mTORC1-related metabolic profiles in macrophages.
  • Tsc2, which inhibits mTORC1, is shown to control the enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh), revealing its crucial role in macrophage activity and metabolism, particularly influenced by different stimuli like LPS and IL-4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) plays a critical role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism, making it a potential target for anticancer therapies.
  • In studies of colorectal cancer (CRC), mTORC2 activity was found only in tumor-adjacent macrophages, and its absence in these immune cells led to increased tumor growth due to inflammation-driven factors.
  • The findings suggest that instead of inhibiting mTORC2, activating it in macrophages may provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for managing colitis-associated CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The aggregation of hypertrophic macrophages constitutes the basis of all granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis or sarcoidosis, and is decisive for disease pathogenesis. However, macrophage-intrinsic pathways driving granuloma initiation and maintenance remain elusive. We found that activation of the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1 in macrophages by deletion of the gene encoding tuberous sclerosis 2 (Tsc2) was sufficient to induce hypertrophy and proliferation, resulting in excessive granuloma formation in vivo.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The isolation of nuclei from eukaryotic cells is essential for studying the composition and the dynamic changes of the nuclear proteome to gain insight into the mechanisms of gene expression and cell signalling. Primary cells are particularly challenging for standard nuclear isolation protocols due to low protein content, sample degradation, or nuclear clumping. Here, we describe a rapid and flexible protocol for the isolation of clean and intact nuclei, which results in the recovery of 90-95 % highly pure nuclei.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The innate myeloid immune system is a complex network of cells that protect against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells, but it is also implicated in homoeostatic mechanisms such as tissue remodelling and wound healing. Myeloid phagocytes such as monocytes, macrophages or dendritic cells are at the basis of controlling these immune responses in all tissues of the body. In the present review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that mTOR [mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin] regulates innate immune reactions in macrophages and dendritic cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The MAPK p38α senses environmental stressors and orchestrates inflammatory and immunomodulatory reactions. However, the molecular mechanism how p38α controls immunomodulatory responses in myeloid cells remains elusive. We found that in monocytes and macrophages, p38α activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and in vivo.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Uremia impairs the atheroprotective properties of HDL, but the mechanisms underlying why this occurs are unknown. Here, we observed that HDL isolated from healthy individuals inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral monocytes stimulated with a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. In contrast, HDL isolated from the majority of patients with ESRD did not show this anti-inflammatory property; many HDL samples even promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Due to their low protein content and limited nuclear detergent stability, primary human immune cells such as monocytes or T lymphocytes represent a great challenge for standard nuclear isolation protocols. Nuclei clumping during the multiple centrifugation steps or contamination of isolated nuclei with cytoplasmic proteins due to membrane lysis is a frequently observed problem. Here we describe a versatile and novel method for the isolation of clean and intact nuclei from primary human monocytes, which can be applied for virtually any cell type.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A central role for the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in innate immunity has been recently defined by its ability to limit proinflammatory mediators. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in innate immune cells, it is currently unknown whether the mTOR pathway interferes with GC signaling. Here we show that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or Torin1 prevented the anti-inflammatory potency of GC both in human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: