Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) attenuates post-resuscitation myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction.

Aim Of The Study: Post-resuscitation syndrome leads to death in approximately 2 out of every 3 successfully resuscitated victims, and myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction is a major component of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine if glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) improves post-resuscitation myocardial microcirculatory function.

Methods: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced electrically in 20 anesthetized domestic swine (30-35 kg).

An assessment of the impact of incorporating time-of-flight information into clinical PET/CT imaging.

The introduction of fast scintillators with good stopping power for 511-keV photons has renewed interest in time-of-flight (TOF) PET. The ability to measure the difference between the arrival times of a pair of photons originating from positron annihilation improves the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The level of improvement depends upon the extent and distribution of the positron activity and the time resolution of the PET scanner.

Abnormal connectivity in the posterior cingulate and hippocampus in early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Brain imaging studies of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown decreased metabolism predominantly in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial temporal lobe, and inferior parietal lobe. This study investigated functional connectivity between these regions, as well as connectivity between these regions and the whole brain.

Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies were performed in subjects with early AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal controls.

Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) scanning for preoperative staging of patients with oral/head and neck cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the role of 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) in the preoperative prediction of the presence and extent of neck disease in patients with oral/head and neck cancer.

Patients And Methods: Seventy patients were enrolled in the study, 47 of whom had a clinically negative neck (N0), 19 of whom had a clinically positive unilateral neck (N+), and 4 of whom were negative on 1 side of the neck and positive on the other. Each patient underwent a PET/CT study before undergoing selective neck dissection for N0 disease or modified radical neck dissection for N+ disease.

Time course of early response to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Unlabelled: PET and (18)F-FDG have the potential to follow the early metabolic response to chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and to predict success or failure of the therapy.

Methods: We studied 16 patients with non-small cell lung cancer as they followed 2 courses of docetaxel and carboplatin. Each patient was studied weekly for 7 wk, and tissue activity was assessed by the amount of radioactivity retained 90 min after the intravenous injection of (18)F-FDG.

A weight index for the standardized uptake value in 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography.

Introduction: Known errors in the standardized uptake value (SUV) caused by variations in subject weights W encountered can be corrected by lean body mass or body surface area (bsa) algorithms replacing W in calculations. However this is infrequently done. The aims of the work here are: quantify sensitivity to W, encourage SUV correction with an approach minimally differing from tradition, and show what improvements in the SUV coefficient of variation (cv) for a population can be expected.

2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography sensitivity to serum glucose: a survey and diagnostic applications.

Objective: The positron emission tomography (PET) clinical utility of the sensitivity (gamma) of uptake (Q) to a change in plasma glucose concentration (C) is investigated.

Methods: Gamma is obtained from data as [ln(Q (2)/Q (1))] / [ln(C(2)/C(1))], using previously published intrapatient studies varying C within a single patient and some interpatient ones. It can be theoretically related to the half-saturation constant in the Michaelis-Menten quantification of competitive uptake.

Optimizing imaging time for improved performance in oncology PET studies.

Purpose: The potential for improving the diagnostic performance of static positron imaging tomography (PET) by judiciously choosing optimum post-injection imaging times is investigated.

Procedures: Dynamic and whole-body scan data, from 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) oncological studies, are analyzed for changing standardized uptake value (SUV) behavior with increasing post-injection times at either single- or multiple-bed positions. Model-based interpretations address d(SUV)/dt, shown to correlate with SUV, and the contrast ratio for a tumor and its surroundings.

Model Interpretation and Clinical Implications.

Useful characterizing parameters have been derived from historical positron emission tomography (PET) standardized uptake values (SUV) and influx constants K. Meta-analysis was performed on 30 multipatient PET oncological studies providing same patient SUVs and K's. Averaged results for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and L-methionine respectively were: SUV vs.

Cost Analysis of FDG PET for Managing Patients with Ovarian Cancer.

Monte Carlo simulation analysis was used to compare the cost of managing recurrent ovarian cancer patients with and without the use of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. Assumptions in the management pathway were: (1) a positive PET scan led to either laparoscopy or laparotomy, followed by chemotherapy (true positive PET) or follow-up (false positive PET); (2) a negative PET scan resulted in continued follow-up (true negative PET) or laparotomy (false negative PET); and, (3) a laparotomy led to chemotherapy or follow-up. In this simulation, sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET for recurrent ovarian cancer varied from 72-91% (mean 83%) and 69-95% (mean 85%), respectively, as defined by the ROC curve.