Effect on Survival of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Alone Compared to Androgen Deprivation Therapy Combined with Concurrent Radiation Therapy to the Prostate in Patients with Primary Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial: Data from the HORRAD Trial.

Background: The cornerstone of standard treatment for patients with primary bone metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Retrospective studies suggest a survival benefit for treatment of the primary prostatic tumour in mPCa, but to date, no randomised-controlled-trials (RCTs) have been published addressing this issue.

Objective: To determine whether overall survival is prolonged by adding local treatment of the primary prostatic tumour with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to ADT.

Prevention of bone metastases in patients with high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid: efficacy and safety results of the Zometa European Study (ZEUS).

Background: Patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer (PCa) are at risk of developing bone metastases (BMs). Zoledronic acid (ZA) significantly reduces the incidence of skeletal complications in castration-resistant metastatic PCa versus placebo.

Objective: To investigate ZA for the prevention of BMs in high-risk localised PCa.

[Necrotic bladder following radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma].

Background: In contrast to proctitis, vaginitis and acute radiation cystitis are late complications of pelvic radiation therapy, rare, more severe and irreversible.

Case Description: A 66-year-old patient presented with progressive renal failure ten years after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Ultrasound investigation revealed a bilateral hydroutereronefrosis (grade 4), with narrowing of the ureterovesical junctions and a diffuse thickening of the urinary bladder wall.

Repeat transobturator tape after failed mid-urethral sling procedure: follow-up with questionnaire-based assessment.

Objective: To determine if repeat transobturator tape (TOT) is feasible after failed initial synthetic mid-urethral sling (MUS) for stress urinary incontinence, and to ascertain objective physician-determined outcome as well as subjective questionnaire-based outcome for this procedure.

Patients And Methods: Between February 2005 and February 2008, a total of 21 patients underwent repeat TOT procedure after failed sling treatment. Initial sling procedures were all synthetic MUS, i.

Why determine only the total prostate-specific antigen, if the free-to-total ratio contains the information?

Background: Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) is the best available test for the detection of prostate cancer but it lacks specificity. The free-to-total ratio (F/T ratio) is used to increase specificity in the range of tPSA of 4-10 microg/L.

Materials And Methods: Four hundred and seven biopsy results and quantitative tPSA and F/T ratio data were combined.

Circulating PSA-containing macrophages as a possible target for the detection of prostate cancer: a three-color/five-parameter flow cytometric study on peripheral blood samples.

A major problem of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for predicting prostate cancer risk is diagnostic uncertainty. To detect circulating macrophages with phagocytized fragments (eg, PSA) of prostate tumor cells and determine if the number of circulating PSA-containing macrophages can help differentiate between benign and malignant prostate disease, we collected mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. After labeling the macrophages, phagocytized PSA was detected by incubating the cells with a phycoerythrin-conjugated PSA monoclonal antibody.

Carcinoid tumours of the testis.

Objective: To review previous reports of carcinoid (an endocrine tumour mostly of the gastrointestinal tract) tumours of the testis.

Methods: Carcinoid tumours of the testis are rare and can be divided into primary carcinoid (group 1), testicular metastasis from another location (group 2) and carcinoid within a testicular teratoma (group 3). A case of testicular carcinoid within our clinic prompted us to review previous reports; all the cases found were assessed for patient and tumour characteristics, diagnostic tools used, treatment and prognosis.

Female sexual function after surgery for stress urinary incontinence: transobturator suburethral tape vs. tension-free vaginal tape obturator.

Introduction: The transobturator suburethral tape (TOT) and tension-free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) procedures are relatively new incontinence treatment procedures. Studies on the influence on sexual function as a result of these procedures are limited.

Aim: The influence of TOT or TVT-O for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) on female sexual function.

Is the efficacy of hormonal therapy affected by lymph node status? data from the bicalutamide (Casodex) Early Prostate Cancer program.

Objectives: To report an exploratory subgroup analysis assessing the extent to which the overall benefit found in the Early Prostate Cancer program is dependent on lymph node status at randomization. The program is ongoing, and the overall survival data are immature. The first combined analysis of the bicalutamide (Casodex) Early Prostate Cancer program at 3 years' median follow-up showed that bicalutamide, 150 mg once daily, plus standard care (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or watchful waiting), significantly reduced the risk of objective progression and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling in patients with localized/locally advanced prostate cancer.

Bicalutamide as immediate therapy either alone or as adjuvant to standard care of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: first analysis of the early prostate cancer program.

Purpose: We determine the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, in patients with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: This international program consists of 3 ongoing, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials (trials 23, 24, and 25). Men with localized or locally advanced (T1-T4, Nx/N0, M0) prostate cancer were randomized to receive 150 mg.