Publications by authors named "Karl Braganza"
Background: E-cigarette products are the most popular tobacco/nicotine product used among youth and young adults in the USA. While emerging research has shown that e-cigarette taxes increase their price, no study to date has examined e-cigarette tax burdens nor their affordability for youth and young adults.
Methods: Using real (2021 US dollars) prices per mL of e-liquid data from NielsenIQ and annual real (2021 US dollars) personal income data from Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, we calculate relative income prices and examine average annual percentage changes in affordability using Joinpoint trend analysis from 2015 to 2021.
Article Synopsis
- Secondhand smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure pose health risks, prompting many states to implement indoor smoking and vaping restrictions (ISR and IVR).
- Data from 1990 to 2021 showed significant increases in comprehensive ISR for bars, restaurants, and workplaces but highlighted that less than half of the population in many states is fully protected.
- While coverage has improved, the existing gaps in these policies may lead to ongoing health disparities related to tobacco use.
Several indices of large-scale patterns of surface temperature variation were used to investigate climate change in North America over the 20th century. The observed variability of these indices was simulated well by a number of climate models. Comparison of index trends in observations and model simulations shows that North American temperature changes from 1950 to 1999 were unlikely to be due to natural climate variation alone.
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