Ultrasonic vocalization of rats in various motivational and emotional states.

We studied the specific features of ultrasonic vocalization of Wistar rats in various motivational and emotional states. No significant changes were found in ultrasonic vocalization of rats during experimental food motivation and after the satisfaction of food requirements. The state of thirst and satisfaction of water requirements in animals were associated with an increase in the mean frequency of ultrasound and dominance of ultrasonic waves of a higher frequency.

[Chronopharmacological approaches to the therapeutic prophylaxis of chronic cardiac insufficiency in type I diabetes mellitus].

The efficiency of the developed scheme for a drug prophylaxis of chronic cardiac insufficiency (CCI) in patients with diabetes mellitus I (DM I) of autoimmune genesis (subtype B) was evaluated; such scheme comprised the inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of different chemical structures and a biological response modifier (BRM)--glutoxime, which were prescribed with regard for a changed biological rhythm of hemodynamic as well as of metabolic and immune profiles of patients. The following parameters were examined: cardiohaemodynamics, the content of cortisol, insulin, ACTH, TTH and thyroxin in blood, of transport proteins and of the concentration of IL-1 and TNF-alpha in blood. It was established that the use of ramipril and fosinopril combined with the glutoxime BRM within the scheme of drug prophylaxis of CCI concomitant with DM I was accompanied by an effective removal of desynchronosis of the immune-endocrine system in the discussed category of patients.

[The ultrastructural characteristics of the changes in sections of the rat brain under piracetam exposure].

Rat experiments have shown that intraperitoneal piracetam leads to formation of abundant coated vesicles in the neurons of the sensomotor cortex, hippocampus, and central gray matter. Concurrently, subsuperficial cisterns form under the plasmalemma of nerve cells. The interneuronal contacts are characterized by long-term excitation without destructive changes in synapses.

[Benzodiazepine receptors of the neurons and astrocytes].

Ultrastructural investigations of different parts of rat brain after diazepam administration revealed benzodiazepine receptors on the neuronal surface and plasma membrane of astrocytes of the sensorimotor cortex, hippocampus and central grey substance. Subsuperficial cisternae that replenish deficit of plasma membrane required for coated vesicles formation were only seen in the neurons and were absent from the astrocytes. The fate of internalized diazepam in the nerve and glial cells were different: in the neurons, ligand is destroyed in lysosomes and multivesicular bodies, while in the astrocytes, exceptionally in lysosomes.

[Ultrastructural basis of the effect of haloperidol on the brain].

It has been established in rat experiments that haloperidol administration gives rise to the formation of a great number of coated vesicles in the cytoplasm of the sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, hippocamp, and central grey matter as well as to lysosomal activation and appearance of subsurface cisternae. Besides, the movement of mitochondria to the neuronal processes is intensified. The karyotropic action of haloperidol manifests in an increase of the size and amount of nuclear pores and in activation of the nucleoli.

[The adequacy of a new method for assessing the vestibular protective effect of biologically active substances].

The effects of some neuropsychotropic agents on changes in pain sensitivity in albino male rats under the action of complex accelerations were investigated. It was found that administration of drugs with the antimotion-sickness activity--scopolamine, phenamine, phenibut prevented the development of analgesia with the opiate component, the use of low-effective and non-effective with respect to suppression of vestibulo-vegetative disturbances agents--diazepam, ephedrine, haloperidol failed to exert such an effect.

[Antiepileptic drugs in the combined medicinal prevention of motion sickness].

Different antiepileptic drugs were tested as ingredients of various combinations for the prophylaxis and therapy of motion sickness. The combinations included diphenine, depakene, diazepam, clonazepam, pantogam and pyracetam. The best antimotion effect was recorded when a combination of diphenine and pantogam was used.

[A pharmacological analysis of the anxiolytic activity of uridine].

The effects of prazosin (0.6 and 3 mg/kg), propranolol (5 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 and 0.

[Biosynthesis of biogenic pyrimidines in anxiety and depressive states of different etiologies].

Biosynthesis of endogenous pyrimidines was investigated in 37 patients with anxiety, anxious-depressive, depressive and hypochondriac syndromes emerging in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis against a control group of healthy subjects (n-20) andopiate abusers (n-10). It was found that depressive and anxiety states in the examinees were associated with inhibition of endogenous pyrimidines synthesis likely to result in abnormal depression and anxiety levels.

[Pyrimidine derivatives: their psychotropic properties and the molecular mechanisms of their central action].

The data on the neuro- and psychotropic effects of exo- and endogenous derivatives of pyrimidine are systematized. Uridine is characterized as an endogenous anxiolytic and antidepressant and thimidine as uridine antagonist. The given properties are probably determined by the binding of pyrimidine nucleosides to GABA, benzodiazepine and imipramine receptors as well as by their influence on the neuromediator systems.

[Uridine-induced ultrastructural changes in different formations of the brain].

In experiments on the rats there were identified two types of neurons, which age differentiated by their ability to form the coated vesicles in response to the administration of uridine. Presence or absence of the uridine receptors on the neuronal plasmalemmae causes different reaction of the neurons on the action of uridine. Coated vesicles transfer uridine to the lysosomes, where it degrades.

[Requirement of an "ideal" drug for prevention of space motion sickness].

The range of effects and mechanisms of action of drugs that are promising in terms of the development of a potent and low toxicity drug to prevent space motion sickness was identified. The use of anticonvulsive and adaptogenic drugs as a prophylactic measure of the syndrome was theoretically confirmed. In human studies these drugs were shown to exert a noticeable effect on statokinetic stability and mental performance.

[Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and rifampicin in an experiment and in clinical practice].

Efficacy of drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis mostly depends on their concentration in organs and tissues. To show distribution profiles of antituberculous drugs in patients in organs and tissues of experimental animals after their administration alone or in combination, pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid and rifampicin were studied. The drug concentrations, half-lives and distribution volumes were determined in 50 patients and 60 experimental animals.

[Pharmacological correction of central nervous system function in exposure to Coriolis acceleration].

Healthy volunteers with a low vestibular tolerance were exposed to Coriolis acceleration. Potassium orotate, pyracetame and riboxine were used as prophylactic measures against disorders in the function of the vestibular apparatus and higher compartments of the higher nervous system. The central nervous function was assessed with respect to the spectral power of electroencephalograms, short-term memory and mental performance.

[General patterns in the action of psychotropic agents].

Modern concepts about the formation and realization of the action of psychotropic drugs at different levels of regulation of the central nervous system are presented. The notion of psychounitropism characterizing community of the influence of psychotropic drugs on the central nervous system at biochemical, electrophysiological and other levels of analysis of the brain activity is introduced. The experimental material confirming this conclusion is presented and the comparison with the literature evidence of a possibility of the presence of such effects is made.

[Treatment of chronic hepatitis patients with catergen].

The authors analyse the results of the treatment of patients with chronic active hepatitis of moderate activity with catergen as compared with basic therapy including dietetic management, polyvitamins, and essentiale. The treatment efficacy was evaluated according to the time-course of changes in subjective sensations of the patients, objective data of the clinical and laboratory studies. It was established that catergen produced a beneficial effect on the time-course of both subjective and objective characteristics in patients with chronic active hepatitis, while the drug therapeutic activity was found to be higher as compared with essentiale and basic therapy.

[Quantitative evaluation of the anxiolytic and nootropic effects of potassium orotate in a wide range of doses].

Chronic administration of potassium orotate to rats per os in doses of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg was followed by different correlations of the training under stress with anxiolytic activity. The doses of the drug were defined, at which the maximally pronounced effects under consideration were in optimal correlations, as were doses which entailed inhibition of the training in the presence of a relatively low tranquilizing activity, low emotional responsiveness and aggressiveness. It is suggested that natural analogs of pyrimidine, whose precursor is orotic acid, are universal endogenous regulators of mnemonic and antianxiety functions.

[Role of tricyclic antidepressants in the central regulation of hyperalgesia and stress analgesia].

The effect of hypophysectomy (HE) on pain thresholds was studied in female noninbred rats. Hyperalgesia was observed after HE since the first till the sixth day of the observation period. Droperidol (1 mg/kg i.

[Comparative study of the indices of the antidepressive activity of potassium orotate and piracetam].

It has been established in mouse experiments that potassium orotate (100 mg/kg) and piracetam (500 mg/kg) given in chronic oral doses have an antidepressant activity according to the "behavioral despair" test. It has been demonstrated that antidepressant activity of potassium orotate (20 and 50 mg/kg) and piracetam (50 and 100 mg/kg) is associated with a psychostimulant effect.