Cytological characteristics of premalignant cervical epithelial lesions in postmenopausal women based on endocrine indices and parakeratosis.

Objective: To identify useful cytological findings for detecting premalignant lesions in postmenopausal women, cervicovaginal smear samples were analyzed and compared between women with or without premalignant lesions based on endocrine indices and presence of parakeratosis (PK).

Methods: The cervicovaginal smear samples of postmenopausal women with premalignant lesions (n = 94) and those who were without (n = 344), who were diagnosed between 2012 and 2014 were retrieved and analyzed. Women cytologically diagnosed with malignancy or those with suspicion of malignancy were excluded from this study.

Co-expression of low-risk HPV E6/E7 and EBV LMP-1 leads to precancerous lesions by DNA damage.

Background: Low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), such as types 6 and 11, is considered non-oncogenic, but these types have been detected in oral cancer tissue samples, suggesting their possible involvement in oral carcinogenesis. Because double infection of high-risk HPV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be involved in oral carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that low-risk HPV and EBV co-infection can transform the oral cells. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the transformation activity of cell lines expressing both low-risk HPV E6/E7 and EBV LMP-1.

K1 gene transformation activities in AIDS-related and classic type Kaposi's sarcoma: Correlation with clinical presentation.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes both AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and classic KS, but their clinical presentations are different, and respective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The KSHV K1 gene is reportedly involved in tumorigenesis through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Since we found the sequence variations in the K1 gene of KSHV isolated from AIDS-related KS and classic KS, we hypothesized that the transformation activity of the K1 gene contributes to the different clinical presentations.

Esophageal Xanthoma: Presence of M2 Macrophages Suggests Association with Late Inflammatory and Reparative Processes.

Esophageal xanthoma is a rare lesion which is an asymptomatic small yellowish polyp, and most of the reported cases were solitary lesion. Histologically, aggregations of foam cells are found under the papillary hypertrophic squamous epithelium and the foam cells express CD68. The etiology of esophageal xanthoma is unknown.

Molecular Signature of Tumors with Monoallelic 13q14 Deletion: a Case Series of Spindle Cell Lipoma and Genetically-Related Tumors Demonstrating a Link Between FOXO1 Status and p38 MAPK Pathway.

Spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas (SCLs), cellular angiofibromas (CAFs) and mammary-type myofibroblastomas (MFBs) are rare benign mesenchymal tumors with monoallelic 13q14 deletion. They are predicted to have a common pathogenic mechanism due to shared similar histological and immunohistochemical features; however, pathological consequences of monoallelic 13q14 deletion remain unknown. We previously reported a CAF case with monoallelic 13q14 deletion in which the tumor expressed decreased levels of FOXO1 and RB1, both of which were encoded in 13q14, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.

CD10 expression in the neuroendocrine carcinoma component of endometrial mixed carcinoma: association with long survival.

Backgound: Endometrial mixed carcinoma with the neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) component is rare and is believed to have a poor prognosis. CD10 expression is reported to be a favorable prognostic marker for some tumors such as B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, but unfavorable for others. Here, we report the case of a 33-year-old woman diagnosed with endometrial mixed carcinoma with the NEC component expressing CD10 who showed a favorable outcome.

Evidence for an association between increased oxidative stress and derangement of FOXO1 signaling in tumorigenesis of a cellular angiofibroma with monoallelic 13q14: a case report.

Cellular angiofibroma (CAF) is a rare soft tissue tumor characterized by random arrangement of spindle tumor cells in the stroma with short collagen bundles and thick- and hyalinized small vessels. CAFs share histological characteristics with spindle cell lipomas and mammary type myofibroblastomas. Because these tumors harbor monoallelic 13q14, common genetic and molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis is presumed.