Stereospecific pharmacokinetics of racemic homoeriodictyol, isosakuranetin, and taxifolin in rats and their disposition in fruit.

The chirality of flavonoids has been overlooked in the majority of pharmacokinetic studies of homoeriodictyol, isosakuranetin, and taxifolin. The stereospecific pharmacokinetic disposition of these xenobiotics in male Sprague-Dawley rats is described for the first time. Validated HPLC methods were used to analyze serum and urine samples of rats following intravenous administration of each flavonoid via jugular vein cannulation and to determine their content in selected fruits.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis: applications to nutraceutical content and urinary disposition of oxyresveratrol in rats.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the analysis of the stilbene, oxyresveratrol. This method involves the use of a Luna C(18) column with ultraviolet detection at 320 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, water and formic acid (30 : 70 : 0.

Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatography of taxifolin, applications in pharmacokinetics, and determination in tu fu ling (Rhizoma smilacis glabrae) and apple (Malus x domestica).

A stereospecific method of analysis of racemic taxifolin (+/-3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone) in biological fluids is necessary to study pharmacokinetics and disposition in fruit and herbs. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of all four taxifolin enantiomers. Separation was achieved on a Chiralcel(R) OJ-RH column with UV detection at 288 nm.

Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of etoricoxib.

The NSAID etoricoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), approved for treatment of patients with chronic arthropathies and musculoskeletal and dental pain. The rate of absorption of etoricoxib is moderate when given orally (the maximum plasma drug concentration occurs after approximately 1 hour), and the extent of absorption is similar with oral and intravenous doses. Etoricoxib is extensively protein bound, primarily to plasma albumin, and has an apparent volume of distribution of 120 L in humans.

Stereospecific analysis of sakuranetin by high-performance liquid chromatography: pharmacokinetic and botanical applications.

A stereospecific method for analysis of sakuranetin was developed. Separation was accomplished using a Chiralpak AD-RH column with UV (ultraviolet) detection at 288 nm. The stereospecific linear calibration curves ranged from 0.

Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of isosakuranetin in rat urine.

A stereospecific method of analysis of racemic isosakuranetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone) in biological fluids is necessary to study pharmacokinetics. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of isosakuranetin enantiomers. Separation was achieved on a Chiralpak AD-RH column with ultraviolet (UV)-detection at 286 nm.

Clinical toxicities of nanocarrier systems.

Toxicity of nanocarrier systems involves physiological, physicochemical, and molecular considerations. Nanoparticle exposures through the skin, the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract and the lymphatics have been described. Nanocarrier systems may induce cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity, whereas their antigenicity is still not well understood.

Pharmacokinetics of selected chiral flavonoids: hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol in rats and their content in fruit juices.

The majority of pharmacokinetic studies of individual flavonoids or after ingestion of foodstuffs have overlooked the chirality of some of these xenobiotics. In order to characterize for the first time the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of three flavonoids, hesperetin, naringenin and eriodictyol were intravenously administered (20 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats, and their stereospecific content was assessed in various fruit juices. Concentrations in serum, urine and fruit juices were characterized via HPLC and verified by LC/MS.

Pharmacometrics of pterostilbene: preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activity.

The present study evaluated the preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of trans-pterostilbene, a constituent of some plants. Right jugular vein cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed i.v.

Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic validation of homoeriodictyol in serum and Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon glutinosum).

A stereospecific method of analysis of racemic homoeriodictyol (eriodictyol 3'-methyl ether) in biological fluids is necessary to study pharmacokinetics and disposition in fruits and herbs. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of homoeriodictyol enantiomers. Separation was achieved in a Chiralcel OJ-RH column with UV-detection at 288 nm.

Minimizing risks of NSAIDs: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in treating inflammation, pain and fever, but their cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal toxicity can result in significant morbidity and mortality to patients. Techniques for minimizing the adverse risks of NSAIDs include avoiding use of NSAIDs where possible, particularly in high-risk patients; keeping NSAID dosages low; prescribing modified-release and enteric-coated NSAIDs; prescribing cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors where appropriate; monitoring for early signs of side effects; prescribing treatments designed to minimize NSAID side effects; and developing new therapeutic strategies beyond the inhibition of cyclooxygenase. All of the above strategies can be useful in reducing the risk of NSAID complications.