Vascular Impairment, Muscle Atrophy, and Cognitive Decline: Critical Age-Related Conditions.

The triad of vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline represents critical age-related conditions that significantly impact health. Vascular impairment disrupts blood flow, precipitating the muscle mass reduction seen in sarcopenia and the decline in neuronal function characteristic of neurodegeneration. Our limited understanding of the intricate relationships within this triad hinders accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies.

The Influence of Body Fat and Lean Mass on HbA1c and Lipid Profile in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to assess glycemic control in Type 1 diabetes (DM1) patients. Apolipoproteins play an essential role in DM1 pathophysiology and may be associated with complications and HbA1c. This cross-sectional observational study of 81 children and adolescents of both sexes diagnosed with DM1 investigated the relationship between body fat distribution and lean mass with HbA1C and apolipoprotein values, analyzing biochemical and body composition measurements.

Accuracy of visceral adiposity indices and lipid accumulation products in the identification of adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: The lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adipose index (VAI) are clinical markers of visceral obesity and were proposed as simple tools to estimate cardiovascular risk and mortality. The objective of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the VAI and LAP for high cardiovascular risk patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of accuracy was carried out in 193 patients of both sexes.

Effects of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals in Nrf2 Pathways during Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Related Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) dysregulation. In vitro and in vivo studies using phytocompounds as modulators of the Nrf2 signaling in IBD have already been published. However, no existing review emphasizes the whole scenario for the potential of plants and phytocompounds as regulators of Nrf2 in IBD models and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.

Insights into Pathogenesis, Nutritional and Drug Approach in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.

Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition related to the loss of muscle mass and strength due to aging, eating habits, physical inactivity, or even caused by another disease. Affected individuals have a higher risk of falls and may be associated with heart disease, respiratory diseases, cognitive impairment, and consequently an increased risk of hospitalization, in addition to causing an economic impact due to the high cost of care during the stay in hospitals. The standardization of appropriate treatment for patients with sarcopenia that could help reduce pathology-related morbidity is necessary.

Organokines, Sarcopenia, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and the Interplay with Exercise.

Sarcopenia is a disease that becomes more prevalent as the population ages, since it is directly linked to the process of senility, which courses with muscle atrophy and loss of muscle strength. Over time, sarcopenia is linked to obesity, being known as sarcopenic obesity, and leads to other metabolic changes. At the molecular level, organokines act on different tissues and can improve or harm sarcopenia.

Is Neck Circumference As Reliable As Waist Circumference for Determining Metabolic Syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a cluster of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many studies have shown that neck circumference (NC) has validity in the measure of MS since it correlates positively with the traditional components. For these reasons, this study aimed at comparing waist circumference (WC) and NC for identifying MS parameters in patients treated at a cardiology unit.

HDL-C and non-HDL-C levels are associated with anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

Background: Dyslipidemias are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) has emerged as a new target for assessment and prediction of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is closely associated with atheroma plaque progression.

Objectives: To evaluate associations between HDL-c and non-HDL-c levels and anthropometric and biochemical parameters and with the Castelli risk indexes I and II.

Association between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome risk factors.

Background: The concern with the incidence of chronic-degenerative diseases is increasing worldwide, and many studies have shown that insufficiency of vitamin D (VD) can be linked to several metabolic disorders.

Aims: Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the metabolic syndrome risk factors, atherogenic indices and VD in a group of patients attended at a Cardiology Center.

Methods: For this study, we invited 200 patients of both sexes attended in a Cardiology Center (Medical School of Marilia - São Paulo - Brazil).

Hypertension, C Reactive Protein and Metabolic Profile: What is the Scenario in Patients Undergoing Arteriography?

Introduction: High Blood Pressure (HBP), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are among the main causes of death worldwide and HBP is one of the most common chronic health problem representing an important and modifiable risk factor for vascular events and mortality.

Aim: To study the association among high sensitivity CRP levels, and the biochemical, and anthropometric profile in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients who underwent arteriography.

Materials And Methods: This research was performed at the Haemodynamic Laboratory of the University Hospital in the city of Marilia - state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Reflections About Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Vitamins A and D.

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two major forms of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) may be associated with reduction in inflammation in these disorders. The aim of this review was to show the current evidence that may associate VA and VD with IBDs.

Metabolic syndrome and C reactive protein in patients undergoing angiography: Inevitable association?

Background: The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is characterized by a set of risk factors, which causes metabolic and inflammatory changes that increase vascular risk and may promote the development of atherosclerosis. Changes in lifestyle are related to obesity and associated diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, MS and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of MS components and high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in patients undergoing arteriography.

Inflammatory bowel disease: can omega-3 fatty acids really help?

Adjuvants to the traditional therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been studied to enhance the efficacy of the treatment and improve patients' quality of life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3FA) have been associated with attenuation of the inflammatory responses in IBD, possibly acting as substrates for anti-inflammatory eicosanoid production, similar to prostaglandins and leukotrienes. ω3FA also act as substrates for the synthesis of resolvins, maresins and protectins, indispensable in resolving inflammation processes.

Comparative analysis of approaches for assessing energy intake underreporting by female bariatric surgery candidates.

Objective: To test six variations in the Goldberg equation for evaluating the underreporting of energy intake (EI) among obese women on the waiting list for bariatric surgery, considering variations in resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity, and food intake levels in group and individual approaches.

Methods: One hundred obese women aged 20 to 45 years (33.3 ± 6.