The Efficacy of a Ferric Sillen Core-Linked Polymer in Suppressing the Pathogenicity of .

spp. are considered the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the world. The development of effective intervention strategies aimed at limiting infections has encountered various challenges, including a lack of an appropriate animal model.

Investigation into the supplementation of a ferric sillen core-linked polymer on the health and physiological performance of broiler chickens.

Poultry is a ubiquitous and highly sought-after protein source valued for its accessibility, notable protein content, and lack of religious constraints. However, the demand for poultry has resulted in a surge in intensive production practices. The transition from subsistence agricultural practices to intensive food production resulted in the widespread adoption of antibiotics for both therapeutic and economic purposes.

The Impact of a Proprietary Blend of Yeast Cell Wall, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Zinc Proteinate on Growth, Nutrient Utilisation, and Endocrine Hormone Secretion in Intestinal Cell Models.

In piglets, it is observed that early weaning can lead to poor weight gain due to an underdeveloped gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is unsuitable for an efficient absorption of nutrients. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate have demonstrated their ability to improve intestinal development by increasing cell proliferation, which is vital during this transition period when the small and large intestinal tracts are rapidly growing. Previous reports on butyrate inclusion in feed demonstrated significantly increased feed intakes (FIs) and average daily gains (ADGs) during piglet weaning.

Investigating the Effects of Alltech Crop Science (ACS) Products on Plant Defence against Root-Knot Nematode Infestation.

Two formulations of Alltech Crop Science products (ACS), a proprietary blend of fermentation products and plant extracts with micronutrients (ACS5075), and a microbial based product (ACS3048), were tested to understand (1) their impact on the tomato plant immune response and (2) whether they are priming a resistance response in plants against root knot nematodes (RKN). Research findings reported previously indicate that tomato plants pre-treated with ACS5075 and ACS3048 were found less sensitive to infection. In the current study, the expression of six defence-related genes (, , , , and ), relative to a housekeeping gene, were monitored via RT-PCR.

Differential impact of yeast cell wall products in recovery of porcine intestinal epithelial cell barrier function following Lipopolysaccharide challenge.

Background: In swine intestinal barrier deterioration can be caused by exposure to harmful bacteria, toxins or contaminants that can lead to a leaky gut and post weaning diarrhoea. A leaky gut leads to increased infection, inflammation and poor nutrient absorption that can impair piglet growth and ultimately survival. Application of yeast cell wall (YCW) products may offer an opportunity to reduce the intestinal barrier damage caused by microbial challenge.

Sustainable management of the potato cyst nematode, , with two microbial fermentation products.

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) cause an overall 9% yield loss of total potato production worldwide. Research on sustainable management of PCN is still under progress. Two microbial fermentation products (MFPs) from Alltech, a proprietary blend formulated with a bacterial fermentation media and a Cu component (MFP5075), and a microbial based product (MFP3048), were evaluated against the PCN .

Transcriptomic Response of Huanglongbing-Infected Following Field Application of a Microbial Fermentation Product.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive disease in production and threatens the future of the industry. Microbial-derived defense elicitors have gained recognition for their role in plant defense priming. This work assessed a 5% (V/V) microbial fermentation application (MFA) and its role in the elicitation of defense responses in HLB-infected trees following a foliar application with a pump sprayer.

Plant Parasitic Nematodes: A Review on Their Behaviour, Host Interaction, Management Approaches and Their Occurrence in Two Sites in the Republic of Ireland.

Plant parasitic nematodes are a major problem for growers worldwide, causing severe crop losses. Several conventional strategies, such as chemical nematicides and biofumigation, have been employed in the past to manage their infection in plants and spread in soils. However, the search for the most sustainable and environmentally safe practices is still ongoing.

Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone-Synergistic or Antagonistic Agri-Food Chain Co-Contaminants?

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) are two commonly co-occurring mycotoxins produced by members of the genus . As important food chain contaminants, these can adversely affect both human and animal health. Critically, as they are formed prior to harvesting, their occurrence cannot be eliminated during food production, leading to ongoing contamination challenges.

Copper toxicity of inflection point in human intestinal cell line Caco-2 dissected: influence of temporal expression patterns.

We previously described a non-monotonic dose response curve at low copper concentrations where 3.125 μM CuSO (the early inflection point) was more toxic than 25 μM CuSO in Caco-2 cells. We employed global proteomics to investigate this observation.

Gene expression profiling of copper-resistant Caco-2 clones.

The Caco-2 cell line is composed of a heterogeneous mix of cells; isolation of individual clonal populations from this mix allows for specific mechanisms and phenotypes to be further explored. Previously we exposed Caco-2 cells to inorganic copper sulphate or organic copper proteinate to generate resistant variant populations. Here we describe the isolation and characterisation of clonal subpopulations from these resistant variants to organic (clone Or1, Or2, Or3) or inorganic (clone In1 and In2) copper.

Effect of an Alltech soil health product on entomopathogenic nematodes, root-knot nematodes and on the growth of tomato plants in the greenhouse.

An organic product that consists of proprietary blend of fermentation and plant extracts with micronutrients (ACS 5075, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY USA) was evaluated against four strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN): (SB12(1), a wild enviroCORE strain and a commercial form e-NEMA), (e-NEMA), and The effects on egg hatching and survival of root-knot nematodes (RKN) were also examined. The sensitivity to the product was tested by estimating mortality and survival of EPN infective juveniles (IJ) after 24-hr treatment with four different concentrations of product (4, 7, 8, and 10%) compared with the control in a 96-well plate.

LC-MS proteomic profiling of Caco-2 human intestinal cells exposed to the copper-chelating agent, triethylenetetramine: A preliminary study.

Homeostasis of metal micronutrients such as copper is tightly regulated to ensure deficiency does not occur while restricting damage resulting from excess accumulation. Using LC-MS the effect on the proteome of intestinal Caco-2 cells of exposure to the chelator triethylenetetramine (TETA) was investigated. Continuous exposure of TETA at 25 μM to Caco-2 cells caused decreased cell yields and morphological changes.

Characterisation and proteomic profiling of continuously exposed Cu-resistant variants of the Caco-2 cell line.

Studies in hepatic systems identify multiple factors involved in the generation of copper resistance. As the intestine is the route of exposure to dietary copper, we wanted to understand how intestinal cells overcome the toxic effects of high copper and what mechanisms of resistance develop. Using the intestinal cell line Caco-2, resistance was developed by serial subculture in 50 μM copper in inorganic (CuSO) or organic (Cu proteinate) forms.

Copper-induced non-monotonic dose response in Caco-2 cells.

Copper is an essential dietary micronutrient in humans for proper cell function; however, in excess, it is toxic. The human cell line Caco-2 is popular as an in vitro model for intestinal absorption and toxicology. This study investigated the response of exponentially growing Caco-2 cells to prolonged copper exposure (120 h).

Acute exposure to organic and inorganic sources of copper: Differential response in intestinal cell lines.

Scope: Copper supplementation in nutrition has evolved from using inorganic mineral salts to organically chelated minerals but with limited knowledge of the impact at the cellular level.

Methods: Here, the impact of inorganic and organic nutrient forms (glycinate, organic acid, and proteinate) of copper on the cellular level is investigated on intestinal cell lines, HT29 and Caco-2, after a 2-hr acute exposure to copper compounds and following a 10-hr recovery.

Results: Following the 10-hr recovery, increases were observed in proteins involved in metal binding (metallothioneins) and antioxidant response (sulfiredoxin 1 and heme oxygenase 1), and global proteomic analysis suggested recruitment of the unfolded protein response and proteosomal overloading.

Unexpected fluctuations of trace element levels in cell culture medium in vitro: caveat emptor.

Copper is an essential trace element micronutrient in human and animal nutrition. Trace amounts present even in ultrapure water, serum and other cell culture medium components are sufficient to support the health requirements of most cell types in culture. Analysis of a variety of different types of basal media from a number of different suppliers revealed large fluctuations in the levels of copper, and also of other micronutrients including zinc, iron, selenium and cobalt.

Selenised yeast sources differ in their capacity to protect porcine jejunal epithelial cells from cadmium-induced toxicity and oxidised DNA damage.

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the use of selenised yeast (Se-Y) as an antioxidant feed supplement. Here, three selenised yeast products are differentiated in terms of bioefficiency and the ameliorative effect on Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in porcine epithelial cells. A porcine digestion in vitro model was chosen to more accurately simulate the bioavailability of different Se-Y preparations, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the bio efficiency of each Se-Y compound in the porcine model.

Parallel mRNA, proteomics and miRNA expression analysis in cell line models of the intestine.

Aim: To identify miRNA-regulated proteins differentially expressed between Caco2 and HT-29: two principal cell line models of the intestine.

Methods: Exponentially growing Caco-2 and HT-29 cells were harvested and prepared for mRNA, miRNA and proteomic profiling. mRNA microarray profiling analysis was carried out using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.

Selenium Source Impacts Protection of Porcine Jejunal Epithelial Cells from Cadmium-Induced DNA Damage, with Maximum Protection Exhibited with Yeast-Derived Selenium Compounds.

Selenium (Se) is found in inorganic and organic forms, both of which are commonly used in animal feed supplements. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the chemical form of Se on its associated ameliorative effects on cadmium (Cd)-induced DNA damage in a porcine model. At a cellular level, Cd mediates free oxygen radical production leading in particular to DNA damage, with consequential mutagenesis and inhibition of DNA replication.

Chemical form of selenium differentially influences DNA repair pathways following exposure to lead nitrate.

Lead, an environmental toxin is known to induce a broad range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in humans through a number of mechanisms including the deactivation of antioxidants thus leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent DNA damage. Selenium on the other hand has been proven to play an important role in the protection of cells from free radical damage and oxidative stress, though its effects are thought to be form and dose dependent. As the liver is the primary organ required for metabolite detoxification, HepG2 cells were chosen to assess the protective effects of various selenium compounds following exposure to the genotoxic agent lead nitrate.