Mutation of putative phosphorylation sites in the free fatty acid receptor 1: Effects on signaling, receptor phosphorylation, and internalization.

Free fatty acid receptor 1 phosphorylation sites were studied using mutants, including a) a mutant with T215V in the third intracellular loop (3IL), b) another with changes in the carboxyl terminus (C-term): T287V, T293V, S298A, and c) a mutant with all of these changes (3IL/C-term). Agonist-induced increases in intracellular calcium were similar between cells expressing wild-type or mutant receptors. In contrast, agonist-induced FFA1 receptor phosphorylation was reduced in mutants compared to wild type.

The LPA Receptor: Regulation and Activation of Signaling Pathways.

The lysophosphatidic acid 3 receptor (LPA) participates in different physiological actions and in the pathogenesis of many diseases through the activation of different signal pathways. Knowledge of the regulation of the function of the LPA receptor is a crucial element for defining its roles in health and disease. This review describes what is known about the signaling pathways activated in terms of its various actions.