The leaf-area shrinkage effect can bias paleoclimate and ecology research.

Premise Of The Study: Leaf area is a key trait that links plant form, function, and environment. Measures of leaf area can be biased because leaf area is often estimated from dried or fossilized specimens that have shrunk by an unknown amount. We tested the common assumption that this shrinkage is negligible.

Effect of glucose and fatty acid availability on neonatal and adult heart contractility.

Changes in contractility of newborn and adult hearts with different substrates were studied under oxygenation and hypoxia. Under oxygenation, insulin (50 mU/l) and low doses of fatty acids (sodium palmitate 0.12 mM) increased the differential ventricular pressure (DVP), while higher doses of fatty acids (from 0.