Exploring multi-use platforms: A literature review of marine, multifunctional, modular, and mobile applications (M4s).

Multi-purpose offshore infrastructure, integrated with various user functions within the same space, is increasingly hailed as a way to address issues arising from multiple demands placed on coasts and seas. In this paper, we review how recent literature addresses the conditions enabling marine-multifunctional-modular-mobile (M4) solutions' contribution to a sustainable transition in the provision of critical services on islands and along coastlines. We are particularly interested in understanding the synergies and the most common themes surrounding their deployment as analyzed in previous research.

Conceptualising multiple hazards and cascading effects on critical infrastructures.

Despite increased research on 'multiple hazards' and 'cascading effects', ambiguity remains concerning terminology. This paper reviews the literature to explore how these two concepts are defined in relation to critical infrastructures and their vital societal functions. Next, it investigates how the concepts are operationalised in Swedish disaster risk management.

Recycling Nutrients and Reducing Carbon Emissions in the Baltic Sea Region-Sustainable or Economically Infeasible?

Ecotechnologies have the potential to reduce the use of finite resources while providing a variety of co-benefits to society, though they often lack in market competitiveness. In this study, we investigate the sustainability of ecotechnologies for recovering carbon and nutrients, and demonstrate how a so-called "bottom-up" approach can serve as a decision-making instrument. Based on three case study catchments with a focus on domestic wastewater in Sweden and Poland, and on manure, grass and blackwater substrates in Finland, we apply a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) on system alternatives derived from a participatory process.

Identifying barriers and opportunities for a circular phosphorus economy in the Baltic Sea region.

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential elements needed for global food security. However, the phosphate life cycle is currently predominantly linear, from P-rock mining to fertiliser production, agriculture, and food consumption, with the P excess ending up in soil and runoff. Eutrophication coupled with limited global commercial phosphorus reserves call for increased efforts toward creating a circular economy for P in many populated drainage basins such as the Baltic Sea region.