History, Implementation and Current Use of the IFCC-IUPAC's Nomenclature for Properties and Units (NPU) Terminology in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

Electronic exchange of health care data demands code/terminology systems. In the Scandinavian countries, the IFCC-IUPAC's Nomenclature for Properties and Units (NPU) terminology is used for results in biochemistry, pharmacology, and immunology. Implementation, use and administration of NPU has differed between the countries despite similar health care and lab sectors.

Changes in electrodermal activity following sympathicotomy in hyperhidrosis patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of electrodermal activity (EDA) as a diagnostic tool for preoperative evaluation in hyperhidrosis patients. EDA levels and patterns in different skin areas were investigated before and after endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) and was compared to healthy subjects.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients underwent two days of measurements before and after the operation.

Pathologic Blood Samples Tolerate Exposure to Vibration and High Turbulence in Simulated Drone Flights, but Plasma Samples Should be Centrifuged After Flight.

Objective: Most of the previous studies of drone transport of blood samples examined normal blood samples transported under tranquil air conditions. We studied the effects of 1- and 2-hour drone flights using random vibration and turbulence simulation (10-30 g-force) on blood samples from 16 healthy volunteers and 74 patients with varying diseased.

Methods: Thirty-two of the most common analytes were tested.

Rapid, Large, and Synchronous Sweat and Cardiovascular Responses Upon Minor Stimuli in Healthy Subjects. Dynamics and Reproducibility.

The aim of the study was to investigate steady state levels, dynamics and reproducibility of cardiovascular variables and electrodermal activity in different skin areas in response to minor physiological and mental stimuli in healthy subjects in the thermoneutral zone, carried out in high time resolution. Thirteen healthy subjects underwent experiments on two separate days. Non-invasive electrodermal activity in five different skin areas was measured continuously using a skin conductance method, including resting supine and sitting positions, performing deep inspirations, a mental challenge and being exposed to a sudden loud sound.

Automated alarm to detect antigen excess in serum free immunoglobulin light chain kappa and lambda assays.

Background: Antigen excess causing a falsely low concentration result may occur when measuring serum free immunoglobulin light chains (SFLC). Automated antigen excess detection methods are available only with some analyzers. We have now developed and verified such a method.

Changes in blood pressure during healthy pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To study longitudinally changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during healthy pregnancies and to evaluate the influence of parity, pregestational overweight, and excessive weight gain.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study of 57 healthy white women with singleton pregnancies. BP and HR were measured repeatedly at gestational age 14-16 weeks, 22-24 weeks, 30-32 weeks, 36 weeks, and 6 months postpartum using both an oscillometric measurement device (Dinamap) and finger arterial pressure (Finometer PRO).

Low-frequency fluctuations in heart rate, cardiac output and mean arterial pressure in humans: what are the physiological relationships?

Objective: Cardiovascular variability is a complex physiological phenomenon associated with the outcome of cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure oscillations may cause cardiovascular complications, which, however, are also claimed to have antihypertensive effects. The physiological understanding is limited.

Retrograde arterial leg blood flow during tilt-back from a head-up posture: importance of capacitive flows when arterial pressure changes.

The windkessel function of the arterial system converts the intermittent action of the heart into more continuous microcirculatory blood flow during diastole via the return of elastic energy stored in the walls of the arteries during systole. Might the same phenomenon occur regionally within the arterial system during tilting owing to regional differences in local arterial pressure imposed by gravity? We sought to test the hypothesis that during tilt-back from a head-up posture, the return of stored elastic energy in leg arteries would work to slow, or perhaps transiently reverse, the flow of blood in the femoral artery. Femoral artery blood flow and arterial pressure were recorded during tilt back from a 30 degrees head-up posture to supine (approximately 0.

Role of sympathetic responses on the hemodynamic consequences of rapid changes in posture in humans.

Tolerance to +G(z) gravitational stress is reduced when +G(z) stress is preceded by exposure to hypogravity (fractional, 0, or negative G(z)). For example, there is an exaggerated fall in eye-level arterial pressure (ELAP) early on during +G(z) stress (head-up tilt; HUT) when this stress is immediately preceded by -G(z) stress (head-down tilt; HDT), termed the "push-pull effect." The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that sympathetic responses contribute to the push-pull effect.

Effect of the leg muscle pump on the rise in muscle perfusion during muscle work in humans.

The transient and steady-state effects of the calf muscle pump on the rise in muscle perfusion during rhythmic plantarflexions were investigated in 20 volunteers. Because a large hydrostatic column would increase the effect of a muscle pump, exercise in the supine and head-up tilted positions was compared. Within approximately 15 s of the start of muscle work, femoral artery flow (ultrasound Doppler) rose 0.

Hemodynamic consequences of rapid changes in posture in humans.

Tolerance to +G(z) gravitational stress is reduced when +G(z) stress is preceded by exposure to hypogravity (fraction, 0, or negative G(z)). For example, there is an exaggerated fall in eye-level arterial pressure (ELAP) early on during +G(z) stress (head-up tilt; HUT) when this stress is immediately preceded by -G(z) stress (head-down tilt; HDT). The aims of the present study were to characterize the hemodynamic consequences of brief HDT on subsequent HUT and to test the hypothesis that an elevation in leg vascular conductance induced by -G(z) stress contributes to the exaggerated fall in ELAP.

Regulation of arterial blood pressure in humans during isometric muscle contraction and lower body negative pressure.

Previous studies have shown that the blood pressure response to isometric handgrip remains unchanged during reductions in preload induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The purpose of the present study was to assess the beat-by-beat haemodynamic mechanisms allowing for precise control of mean arterial pressure (MAP). We have followed the cardiovascular variables involved in the regulation of MAP during isometric handgrip with and without additional application of LBNP during defined periods of the ongoing contraction.

Design of a chamber for lower body negative pressure with controlled onset rate.

We have designed a lower body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber and control system that makes it possible to apply LBNP either very rapidly (< 300 ms), or more gradually, according to predefined protocols. The capability of the new, high-performance agile aircraft to reach a high-G onset rate makes it highly desirable to be able to study immediate, rapid, and transient cardiovascular responses to simulated gravitational stress. Our new LBNP chamber has been used to study the main cardiovascular variables during onset and release of mild LBNP (-20 mmHg).

Beat-to-beat noninvasive stroke volume from arterial pressure and Doppler ultrasound.

The proper understanding of the cardiovascular mechanisms involved in complaints of short-lasting dizziness and the evaluation of unexplained recurrent syncope requires continuous monitoring of cardiac stroke volume (SV) in addition to blood pressure and heart rate. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate a pulse wave analysis method that calculates beat-to-beat flow from non-invasive arterial pressure by simulating a non-linear, time-varying model of human aortic input impedance (Modelflow; MF), by comparing MF stroke volume (SV(MF)) to Doppler ultrasound (US) flow velocity SV (SV(US)). A second purpose was to compare the two methods under two different conditions: the supine and head-up tilt (30 degrees ) position.

Beat-to-beat measurement of the finger arterial pressure pulse shape index at rest and during exercise.

Arterial pressure waveform can be characterized by the pulse shape index kpulse determined as kpulse = (Pmean - Pdiast) / (Psyst - Pdiast). For brachial artery, the shape index value of 0.33 is usually applied to approximate Pmean from the measured Psyst and Pdiast.

Noninvasive identification of the total peripheral resistance baroreflex.

We propose two identification algorithms for quantitating the total peripheral resistance (TPR) baroreflex, an important contributor to short-term arterial blood pressure (ABP) regulation. Each algorithm analyzes beat-to-beat fluctuations in ABP and cardiac output, which may both be obtained noninvasively in humans. For a theoretical evaluation, we applied both algorithms to a realistic cardiovascular model.

Model simulations of cardiovascular changes at the onset of moderate exercise in humans.

We have tested whether the cardiovascular changes at the onset of exercise could be simulated only by an increase in the baroreflex set point and locally induced vasodilatation in the exercising muscles. The mathematical model consists of a heart, a linear elastic arterial reservoir and two parallel resistive vascular beds. The arterial baroreflex loop is modelled by three separate time domain processing objects, each with its own gain, time constant and delay.

Onset of mild lower body negative pressure induces transient change in mean arterial pressure in humans.

Mild (0 to -20 mmHg) lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has traditionally been considered to elicit reflex responses mediated by cardiopulmonary baroreceptors only, without any arterial baroreflex involvement. Mild LBNP has therefore frequently been used to study the influence of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on the human circulatory system. In a previous study we found that mean arterial pressure (MAP) was transiently but strongly affected by rapid (0.

Dynamic time course of hemodynamic responses after passive head-up tilt and tilt back to supine position.

Mechanisms involved in the control of arterial pressure during postural changes were studied by analysis of the dynamic time course of cardiovascular changes during head-up tilt (HUT) and tilt back to supine position (TB). Beat-to-beat values of cardiovascular variables were recorded continuously before, during, and after passive HUT to 30 degrees in seven healthy humans. Left cardiac stroke volume (SV, Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral conductance (TPC) were recorded.