Systematic and objective wet-lab testing of instruments for phacoemulsification: new Formalin Quadrant Model.

Purpose: To validate an improved wet-lab model for systematic and objective efficiency testing of instruments for phacoemulsification.

Setting: Institute of Medical Engineering, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland.

Design: Experimental study.

Retrograde Analysis of Calcium Signaling by CaMPARI2 Shows Cytosolic Calcium in Chondrocytes Is Unaffected by Parabolic Flights.

Calcium (Ca) elevation is an essential secondary messenger in many cellular processes, including disease progression and adaptation to external stimuli, e.g., gravitational load.