Interaction of Interleukin-17A with a Th2 Response in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Background: A total of 262 million people worldwide suffer from asthma and 461000 people died from it in 2019. Asthma is a disease with different endotypes defined by the granulocytes found in the asthmatic lung. In allergic asthma, the eosinophilic endotype is present, driven by a TH2 response.

The molecular mechanisms of remodeling in asthma, COPD and IPF with a special emphasis on the complex role of Wnt5A.

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory lung diseases are a common cause of suffering and death. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the reason for 6% of all deaths worldwide. A total of 262 million people are affected by asthma and 461,000 people died in 2019.

Comparison of Airway Remodeling in Two Different Endotypes of Allergic Asthma.

Different endotypes of asthma were described in human. Atopic asthma is a T-helper 2 (Th2)-mediated disease consisting mainly of an eosinophilic inflammation in the airways. Other endotypes show neutrophilic inflammation of the airways that is probably based on a Th17 response.

The Pathogenic Role of Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Wnt5a in a Murine Model of Lung Fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease characterized by extensive fibrosis of the lung tissue. Wnt5a expression was observed to be upregulated in IPF and suggested to be involved in the progression of the disease. Interestingly, smooth muscle cells (SMC) are a major source of Wnt5a in IPF patients.

The Role of Lectin Receptors and Their Ligands in Controlling Allergic Inflammation.

More than fifty c-type lectin receptors (CLR) are known and have been identified so far. Moreover, we know the group of galectins and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins that also belong to the carbohydrate-binding receptors of the immune system. Thus, the lectin receptors form the largest receptor family among the pathogen recognition receptors.

Total Synthesis of a Partial Structure from Arabinogalactan and Its Application for Allergy Prevention.

Arabinogalactan, a microheterogeneous polysaccharide occurring in plants, is known for its allergy-protective activity, which could potentially be used for preventive allergy treatment. New treatment options are highly desirable, especially in a preventive manner, due to the constant rise of atopic diseases worldwide. The structural origin of the allergy-protective activity of arabinogalactan is, however, still unclear and isolation of the polysaccharide is not feasible for pharmaceutical applications due to a variation of the activity of the natural product and contaminations with endotoxins.

Regulation of lung immunity by dendritic cells: Implications for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and infectious disease.

Since the first description of dendritic cells by Steinman and Cohn in 1973, this important cell type has gained increasing attention. Over 4000 papers have been published on this topic annually during the last few years. At the beginning, dendritic cells were recognized for their immune stimulatory properties and their importance in initiating an adaptive immune response.

Allergy-Protective Arabinogalactan Modulates Human Dendritic Cells via C-Type Lectins and Inhibition of NF-κB.

Arabinogalactan (AG) isolated from dust of a traditional farm prevents disease in murine models of allergy. However, it is unclear whether this polysaccharide has immune regulatory properties in humans. The aim of this study was to test the influence of AG on the immune-stimulating properties of human dendritic cells (DCs).

Ultrasound-Guided Versus Blind Subacromial Corticosteroid Injections for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: Subacromial corticosteroid injections are frequently performed for impingement syndrome of the shoulder. To improve the accuracy of injections, ultrasound can be used.

Purpose: To assess the clinical outcome of ultrasound-guided subacromial injections compared with blind subacromial injections for subacromial impingement syndrome.

Revision versus primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a 2-year analysis of outcomes in 360 patients.

Background: Symptomatic rotator cuff tears are often treated surgically. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the outcomes of revision arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of revision arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery when compared with primary arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery in a large cohort of patients.

A comparison of outcomes after arthroscopic repair of partial versus small or medium-sized full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Background: Little is known about the outcomes after repair of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome after repair of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears compared with full-thickness tears. Our hypothesis was that repair of partial-thickness tears leads to more shoulder stiffness but fewer retears compared with repair of full-thickness tears.

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus distribution in particle size-fractionated separated pig and cattle slurry.

Solid liquid separation of animal slurry is a method to reduce the excess nutrient loads from intensive livestock production. Five different separation technologies (sedimentation, centrifugation, pressurized filtration, polymer flocculation and drainage, and iron chloride addition + polymer flocculation and drainage) were applied to pig and cattle slurry in a laboratory study. Separation efficiencies of mass, dry matter (DM), N, and P were measured.

Repair of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears: a biomechanical analysis of footprint contact pressure and strength in an ovine model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether transtendon repair by use of a novel small-diameter knotless anchor showed enhanced mechanical properties compared with tear completion and repair.

Methods: Articular-sided partial-thickness tears were created ex vivo in the infraspinatus of 24 ovine shoulders. The specimens were randomized into 4 groups of 6 each: (1) no repair, (2) transtendon repair, (3) completion of tear with tension-band single-row repair, and (4) completion of tear with double-row repair.

Midterm results of cementless total hip replacement in rapidly destructive arthropathy and a review of the literature.

Background And Purpose: Rapidly destructive arthropathy (RDA) of the hip is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by a rapid destruction of the acetabular and femoral aspects of the hip joint. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of cementless total hip replacement in this category of patients.

Methods: A prospective study was performed of all cases of rapidly destructive arthropathy treated by cementless total hip replacement between 1998 and 2005.