An individually adjusted endurance test reveals differences in physical fitness between young and old Beagles.

Objective: Aim was to establish an individually adapted endurance test for dogs on a treadmill, which takes the individual's physical condition into account. To check the applicability of the test, two age groups of clinically healthy beagles were examined.

Methods: A total of 10 clinically healthy Beagles were enrolled and divided in a younger (1-3 years, n = 5) and older group (> 8 years, n = 5).

Clinical Phenotypes of DMD Exon 51 Skip Equivalent Deletions: A Systematic Review.

Background: Eteplirsen, the first FDA-approved RNA-modifying therapy for DMD, is applicable to ∼13% of patients with DMD. Because multiple exonic deletions are amenable to exon 51 skipping, the isoforms resulting from the various exon 51-skipped transcripts may vary in stability, function, and phenotype.

Objective/methods: We conducted a detailed review of dystrophinopathy published literature and unpublished databases to compile phenotypic features of patients with exon 51 "skip-equivalent" deletions.

Effect of antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors and omega-3 fatty acids on telomere length and kinematic joint mobility in young and old shepherd dogs - A randomized, blinded and placebo-controlled study.

In dogs, decreasing telomere length is a biomarker for cellular aging. On a systemic level, aging affects the locomotor system in particular, leading to restricted joint mobility. As aging is thought to be related to oxidative stress, it may be counteracted by a diet enriched with antioxidants, mitochondrial cofactors and omega-3 fatty acids.

Long-term treatment with eteplirsen in nonambulatory patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This analysis aims to describe the outcomes of two nonambulatory patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who participated in two clinical studies. The two consecutive trials of eteplirsen (studies 201 and 202) were conducted in patients with DMD (N = 12) and confirmed genetic mutations amenable to exon 51 skipping.In study 201, 12 patients were randomized to receive once-weekly, double-blind intravenous infusions of eteplirsen 30 or 50 mg/kg or placebo for 24 weeks; patients then received open-label eteplirsen during weeks 25 through 28.

Clinical use of submaximal treadmill exercise testing and assessments of cardiac biomarkers NT-proBNP and cTnI in dogs with presymptomatic mitral regurgitation.

Exercise intolerance is the first symptom of heart disease. Yet an objective and standardised method in canine cardiology to assess exercise capacity in a clinical setting is lacking. In contrast, exercise testing is a powerful diagnostic tool in humans, providing valuable information on prognosis and impact of therapeutic intervention.

Three-dimensional inverse dynamics of the forelimb of Beagles at a walk and trot.

OBJECTIVE To perform 3-D inverse dynamics analysis of the entire forelimb of healthy dogs during a walk and trot. ANIMALS 5 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES The left forelimb of each dog was instrumented with 19 anatomic markers.

Comparative investigation of bone mineral density using CT and DEXA in a canine femoral model.

Bone density measurements using computed tomography (CT) instead of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are currently of great interest in human and veterinary medical research as it would be beneficial to use CT scans obtained for other indications also for determining bone density. For Hounsfield units (HU) measured with CT in specific regions of interests (ROIs) in one or several slice/s a correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA in humans and dogs of between 0.44 and 0.

Comparative kinematic gait analysis in young and old Beagle dogs.

Age-related involution in dogs involves loss of muscle mass and changes in connective tissue and articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to examine whether an age-related influence on joint mobility can be detected in the absence of disease. Five young (mean age 2.

Radiographic evaluation of early periprosthetic acetabular bone contrast and prosthetic head acetabular coverage after uncemented and cemented total hip prosthesis in dogs.

Background: Coxofemoral osteoarthritis is a chronic, disabling condition affecting people and dogs, with THA providing an excellent return to function in severely affected joints. The principal role of THA is to restore an adequate range of motion to the hip joint while transferring load from the acetabulum in order to improve the survival of the implant and enhance the limb function in the short and long terms. The objectives of the study reported here were, therefore, to radiographically evaluate periprosthetic acetabular bone GV and to assess prosthetic head acetabular coverage after 4 months of uncemented and cemented THA in dogs.

Examination of thermal unfolding and aggregation profiles of a series of developable therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

Screening for pharmaceutically viable stability from measurements of thermally induced protein unfolding and short-term accelerated stress underpins much molecule design, selection, and formulation in the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. However, the interrelationships among intrinsic protein conformational stability, thermal denaturation, and pharmaceutical stability are complex. There are few publications in which predictions from thermal unfolding-based screening methods are examined together with pharmaceutically relevant long-term storage stability performance.

Evaluation of thoracic limb loads, elbow movement, and morphology in dogs before and after arthroscopic management of unilateral medial coronoid process disease.

Objective: To (1) evaluate thoracic limb loads and symmetry, and elbow function and morphology, before and after arthroscopic treatment of unilateral medial coronoid process disease (MCPD), and (2) determine if functional variables correlate with morphologic findings.

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Animals: Dogs (n = 14) with thoracic limb lameness.

Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2 mediates arachidonic acid release in H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cells in response to hydrogen peroxide.

Damaging reactive oxygen species are released during episodes of ischemia and reperfusion. Some cellular adaptive responses are triggered to protect the injured organ, while other cascades are triggered which potentiate the damage. In these studies, we demonstrate that rat cardiomyocte H9c2 cells release arachidonic acid in response to hydrogen peroxide.

Distinguishing phospholipase A2 types in biological samples by employing group-specific assays in the presence of inhibitors.

This manuscript reviews and updates radiolabel-based enzyme assays designed to distinguish the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) types in biological samples. This approach should be useful in lipidomics studies. The assays were originally designed to differentiate between Group IVA cytosolic PLA2 (GIVA cPLA2), Group VIA calcium-independent PLA2 (GVIA iPLA2), Group IIA secreted PLA2 (GIIA sPLA2) and Group V secreted PLA2 (GV sPLA2).

Spinal phospholipase A2 in inflammatory hyperalgesia: role of group IVA cPLA2.

Current work has shown the importance of spinal cyclooxygenase (COX) products in facilitatory processes leading to tissue injury induced hyperalgesia. This cascade must originate with free arachidonic acid (AA) released by the activity of spinal phospholipase A2s (PLA2). In the present work, we studied the role of PLA2s in spinal sensitization.

The ABC's of Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2.

The three known human Group IV phospholipase A2 (PLA2) paralogs, Group IVA, IVB and IVC, were overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. An endogenous, calcium-independent PLA2 activity was identified in the insect cell lysates, which can be inhibited by bromoenol lactone (BEL). The Group IV PLA2 enzymes were characterized in overexpressing insect cell lysates in the presence of BEL, enabling their differentiation from the endogenous PLA2 activity.