Characterization of Ptau181 Among a Diverse Community-Based Cohort: A HABS-HD Study.

Background: Examination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) related biomarkers among diverse communities has remained limited.

Objective: The aim of this study was to expand on prior work to provide a characterization of ptau181 among a diverse community sample. Consideration was taken regarding the impact of comorbidities on ptau181 levels including medical.

Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and neuroimaging biomarker utility in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are crucial to understanding disease pathophysiology, aiding accurate diagnosis and identifying target treatments. Although the number of biomarkers continues to grow, the relative utility and uniqueness of each is poorly understood as prior work has typically calculated serial pairwise relationships on only a handful of markers at a time. The present study assessed the cross-sectional relationships among 27 Alzheimer's disease biomarkers simultaneously and determined their ability to predict meaningful clinical outcomes using machine learning.

Resting state network mapping in individuals using deep learning.

Introduction: Resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) is currently used in numerous clinical and research settings. The localization of resting state networks (RSNs) has been utilized in applications ranging from group analysis of neurodegenerative diseases to individual network mapping for pre-surgical planning of tumor resections. Reproducibility of these results has been shown to require a substantial amount of high-quality data, which is not often available in clinical or research settings.

Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain is a marker of aging and white matter damage.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) reflects neuro-axonal damage and is increasingly used to evaluate disease progression across neurological conditions including Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unknown how NfL relates to specific types of brain tissue. We sought to determine whether CSF NfL is more strongly associated with total gray matter, white matter, or white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and to quantify the relative importance of brain tissue volume, age, and AD marker status (i.

Modeling the Effects of HIV and Aging on Resting-State Networks Using Machine Learning.

Background: The relationship between HIV infection, the functional organization of the brain, cognitive impairment, and aging remains poorly understood. Understanding disease progression over the life span is vital for the care of people living with HIV (PLWH).

Setting: Virologically suppressed PLWH (n = 297) on combination antiretroviral therapy and 1509 HIV-uninfected healthy controls were evaluated.

Network dysfunction in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers is related to subclinical tau.

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status is associated with amyloid and tau-related pathological changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unknown whether brain network changes are related to amyloid beta (Aβ) and/or tau-related pathology in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers with subthreshold Aβ accumulation.

Methods: Resting state functional connectivity measures of network integrity were evaluated in cognitively normal individuals (n = 121, mean age 76.

Neuroimaging the Neuropathogenesis of HIV.

Purpose Of Review: This review highlights neuroimaging studies of HIV conducted over the last 2 years and discusses how relevant findings further our knowledge of the neuropathology of HIV. Three major avenues of neuroimaging research are covered with a particular emphasis on inflammation, aging, and substance use in persons living with HIV (PLWH).

Recent Findings: Neuroimaging has been a critical tool for understanding the neuropathological underpinnings observed in HIV.

Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 moderates the relationship between brain functional network dynamics and cognitive intraindividual variability.

As Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology accumulates, resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) within and between brain networks decreases, and fluctuations in cognitive performance known as intraindividual variability (IIV) increase. Here, we assessed the relationship between IIV and anticorrelations in rs-fc between the default mode network (DMN)-dorsal attention network (DAN) in cognitively normal older adults and symptomatic AD participants. We also evaluated the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD (amyloid-beta [Aβ] and tau) and IIV-anticorrelation in rs-fc.

Socioeconomic Status Mediates Racial Differences Seen Using the AT(N) Framework.

Objectives: African Americans are at greater risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia than non-Hispanic whites. In addition to biological considerations (eg, genetic influences and comorbid disorders), social and environmental factors may increase the risk of AD dementia. This paper (1) assesses neuroimaging biomarkers of amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) for potential racial differences and (2) considers mediating effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and measures of small vessel and cardiovascular disease on observed race differences.

Sex-related Differences in Tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the Effects of Hormone Therapy (HT).

Importance: Female sex is a major risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), and sex hormones have been implicated as a possible protective factor. Neuroimaging studies that evaluated the effects of sex hormones on brain integrity have primarily emphasized neurodegenerative measures rather than amyloid and tau burden.

Objective: We compared cortical amyloid and regional tau positron emission tomography (PET) deposition between cognitively normal males and females.