Normal kidney size and its influencing factors - a 64-slice MDCT study of 1.040 asymptomatic patients.

Background: Normal ultrasound values for pole-to-pole kidney length (LPP) are well established for children, but very little is known about normal kidney size and its influencing factors in adults. The objectives of this study were thus to establish normal CT values for kidney dimensions from a group of unselected patients, identify potential influencing factors, and to estimate their significance.

Methods: In multiphase thin-slice MDCTs of 2.

Yo-yo reflux in an incomplete duplex system causing severe hydronephrosis in a patient with contralateral renal agenesis.

This is a report of a case of a 26-year-old patient suffering from progressive renal insufficiency with a neurogenic bladder disorder due to a lipomyelomeningocele. She had renal agenesis on the left side and grade III hydronephrosis of both segments of a right duplex kidney with a bifid ureter joining further distal to the kidney. Both ureters were dilated.

Kidney fusion anomalies revisited: clinical and radiological analysis of 209 cases of crossed fused ectopia and horseshoe kidney.

Objective: To analyse the morphological appearance of horseshoe kidneys (HKs) and crossed fused ectopia (CFE) and to assess the frequency and clinical significance of associated anomalies and diseases.

Patients And Methods: The findings and images of 209 patients with fused kidneys (FKs) were reviewed; in all, 244 scans from computed tomography (CT), 233 ultrasonograms and 89 micturition cysto-urethrograms, urograms, magnetic resonance images and angiograms were taken.

Results: HKs (found in one of 474 abdominal CT scans) and CFEs (found in one of 3078 CT scans) showed a high variability of vasculature that could not be classified.