Experimental Inoculation of and and Its Impact on Alveolar Bone Loss and Oral and Gut Microbiomes.

Oral bacteria are implicated not only in oral diseases but also in gut dysbiosis and inflammatory conditions throughout the body. The periodontal pathogen () often occurs in complex oral biofilms with (), and this interaction might influence the pathogenic potential of this pathogen. This study aims to assess the impact of oral inoculation with , , and their association (+) on alveolar bone loss, oral microbiome, and their potential effects on intestinal health in a murine model.

LA-5 Ameliorates Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss Promoted by and in Mice and Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes.

The benefits of probiotics on dysbiotic microbiomes and inflammation are dependent on the tested strain, host factors, and the resident microbiome. There is limited knowledge on the effects of probiotics in -associated periodontitis. Thus, LA5 (LA5) was orally inoculated for 30 days in C57Bl/6 mice infected with JP2 (Aa) and (Sg).

Experimental allergic airway inflammation impacts gut homeostasis in mice.

Background: /Aims: Epidemiological data show that there is an important relationship between respiratory and intestinal diseases. To improve our understanding on the interconnectedness between the lung and intestinal mucosa and the overlap between respiratory and intestinal diseases, our aim was to investigate the influence of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation on gut homeostasis.

Methods: A/J mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA.

Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis in rats modulating intestinal parameters, expression of lipogenic genes, and levels of hepatic steatosis.

Objective: To determine whether Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats modulating systemic parameters.

Background: This study evaluated the effects of probiotic therapy (PROB) in the prevention of local and systemic damage resulting from EP.

Effects of probiotics in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: An investigation of the intestine-adipose tissue axis.

Background: This study evaluated the systemic (intestine and adipose tissue) and local (periodontal tissues) impact of probiotic therapy in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) associated or not with periodontitis (PE).

Methods: Forty-eight rats received a high-fat diet for induction of MS for 16 weeks. They were subdivided into groups with (+) and without (-) PE, receiving (*) or not (**) receiving probiotics (PROB): MS (-**), MSP (-*), MSPE (+**), and MSPEP (+*).

Probiotics During the Therapeutic Management of Periodontitis.

Scaling and root planing is the gold standard for the treatment of periodontitis, but administration of systemic antibiotics may be needed especially for sites with deep probing depths, or in the presence of comorbidities. However, treated sites are subject to recolonization with a microbiota similar to that present before therapy, and supportive periodontal therapy is employed after the treatment of active disease. The use of beneficial organisms, known as probiotics, seems an attractive proposal to promote a healthy associated subgingival microbiome and to control inflammation for the management of periodontitis.

Lactobacilli Attenuate the Effect of Infection in Gingival Epithelial Cells.

Probiotics may be considered as an additional strategy to achieve a balanced microbiome in periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the use of probiotics in the prevention or control of periodontitis are still not fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two commercially available strains of lactobacilli on gingival epithelial cells (GECs) challenged by .

Strains Present Distinct Effects on the Control of Alveolar Bone Loss in a Periodontitis Experimental Model.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Probiotics of the genus may restore the symbiotic microbiome and modulate the immune response, leading to periodontitis control. We evaluated the effect of two strains of able to inhibit interaction with host cells and biofilm formation, but with distinct immunomodulatory properties, in a mice periodontitis model.

Probiotics improve re-epithelialization of scratches infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis through up-regulating CXCL8-CXCR1/CXCR2 axis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits the release of CXCL8 by gingival epithelial cells and reduces their proliferation. We previously reported that Bifidocaterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp.

Lactobacilli postbiotics reduce biofilm formation and alter transcription of virulence genes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

Periodontitis is characterized by a dysbiotic microbial community and treatment strategies include the reestablishment of symbiosis by reducing pathogens abundance. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is frequently associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis. Since the oral ecosystem may be affected by metabolic end-products of bacteria, we evaluated the effect of soluble compounds released by probiotic lactobacilli, known as postbiotics, on Aa biofilm and expression of virulence-associated genes.

Probiotics alter biofilm formation and the transcription of virulence-associated genes.

Background And Objective: The potential of probiotics on the prevention and control of periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory conditions has been suggested. and species influence interaction with gingival epithelial cells (GECs) but may not act in a unique way. In order to select the most appropriate probiotic against , we aimed to evaluate the effect of several strains on biofilm formation and transcription virulence-associated factors (PgVAFs).

Are Lactobacillus salivarius G60 and inulin more efficacious to treat patients with oral halitosis and tongue coating than the probiotic alone and placebo? A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The combination of probiotics and prebiotics might be useful to treat oral halitosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius G60 (LS) and inulin on oral halitosis and tongue coating.

Methods: In this double-masked, randomized, phase II clinical trial, 45 patients (aged 35 ± 15 years, 66% female) with oral halitosis and tongue coating were allocated to three treatment groups (n = 15) using gums of oral dissolution (one gum every 12 hours) for 10 days.

Probiotics alter the immune response of gingival epithelial cells challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Background And Objective: Although previous studies revealed the potential use of probiotics in the control of periodontitis, little is known about their interactions with gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Since GECs comprise the first defense in the subgingival microenvironment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains on OBA-9 cells challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Methods: Immortalized human GECs (OBA-9) were challenged with live P.

Probiotic Bacteria Alter Pattern-Recognition Receptor Expression and Cytokine Profile in a Human Macrophage Model Challenged with and Lipopolysaccharide.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer benefits to the host health. The infection rate of potentially pathogenic organisms such as , the most common agent associated with mucosal candidiasis, can be reduced by probiotics. However, the mechanisms by which the probiotics interfere with the immune system are largely unknown.

The role of probiotic bacteria in managing periodontal disease: a systematic review.

Introduction: The frequent recolonization of treated sites by periodontopathogens and the emergence of antibiotic resistance have led to a call for new therapeutic approaches for managing periodontal diseases. As probiotics are considered a new tool for combating infectious diseases, we systematically reviewed the evidences for their effectiveness in the management of periodontitis.

Areas Covered: An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library databases up to March 2016 using the terms 'periodontitis', 'chronic periodontitis', 'probiotic(s)', 'prebiotic(s)', 'symbiotic(s)', 'Bifidobacterium and 'Lactobacillus'.

A multispecies probiotic reduces oral Candida colonization in denture wearers.

Purpose: The prevalence of Candida infections has been rising with an increasingly aging population and a larger population of immunocompromised individuals. The use of probiotics may be an alternative approach to antifungal agents in the prevention and treatment of oral candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of probiotics in reducing the infection level of oral Candida in candidiasis-asymptomatic elderly denture wearers.

Study of the surface hardness and modulus of elasticity of conventional and microwave-cured acrylic resins.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the following acrylic resins: Clássico, QC-20 and Lucitone, recommended specifically for thermal polymerization, and Acron MC and VIPI-WAVE, made for polymerization by microwave energy. The resins were evaluated regarding their surface nanohardness and modulus of elasticity, while varying the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer. They were also compared as to the presence of water absorbed by the samples.

SNPs and interaction analyses of noelin 2, myocilin, and optineurin genes in Japanese patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the noelin 2 gene as a disease-causing factor for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and the interactions between the noelin 2 (OLFM2), optineurin (OPTN), and myocilin (MYOC) genes.

Methods: OLFM2 was analyzed in 770 Japanese subjects including 215 patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), 277 with normal IOP, 38 with juvenile open-angle glaucoma, and 240 control subjects. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPTN (c.

[Clinical phenotype of a Japanese family with primary open-angle glaucoma caused by a Ala 363 Thr mutation in the MYOC gene].

Background: Myocilin is a gene that causes primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We report a family whose members had an Ala 363 Thr mutation in the myocilin gene. We present the clinical phenotype of this family.

Association between glaucoma and gene polymorphism of endothelin type A receptor.

Purpose: Endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, may affect regulation of intraocular pressure and ocular vessel tone. Thus, ET-1 and its receptors may contribute to development of glaucoma. We investigated whether gene polymorphisms of ET-1 (EDN1) and its receptors ETA (EDNRA) and ETB (EDNRB) were associated with glaucoma phenotypes and clinical features.

Genetic polymorphisms in the angiotensin II receptor gene and their association with open-angle glaucoma in a Japanese population.

Purpose: The local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in the ciliary body and plays a role in regulating aqueous humor dynamics and thus intraocular pressure (IOP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene polymorphisms in the RAS increase the risk of development of glaucoma in the Japanese.

Methods: A case-control study was performed in 698 Japanese subjects: 190 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 268 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and 240 normal subjects.

Genetic variants of TP53 and EPHX1 in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and their relationship to age at onset.

Purpose: To determine whether genetic polymorphisms of the genes for oxidative stress and apoptosis cause the clinical variability in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Methods: Eighty-seven unrelated Japanese LHON patients carrying the 11778 mitochondrial mutation were studied at the Keio University Hospital. Their mean age (+/-SD) was 25.

Variants in optineurin gene and their association with tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms in Japanese patients with glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate sequence variations in the optineurin (OPTN) gene and their association with TNF-alpha polymorphisms in Japanese patients with glaucoma.

Methods: The OPTN gene was analyzed in blood samples from 629 Japanese subjects. There were 194 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 217 with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and 218 with no eye disease (control subjects).

Novel MYOC gene mutation, Phe369Leu, in Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma detected by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.

Purpose: To screen for mutations in the MYOC gene in Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).

Patients And Methods: Blood samples were collected from 171 patients with POAG and 100 controls from seven institutions in Japan. For high-throughput analysis, seven exonic regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using DNA pooled from three patients; each DNA pool was then analyzed chromatographically.