The EMBO Journal at 40-here's to the future!

Looking back at the journal's first issue in January 1982 provides an opportunity to reflect on its historical development and to introduce upcoming initiatives.

A systematic review of serum autoantibodies as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection.

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. Patients with pancreatic cancer have poor prognosis, partly due to difficulties in detecting it at early stages. While different markers have been associated with pancreatic cancer, many of them show suboptimal sensitivity and specificity.

Cxcl12 evolution--subfunctionalization of a ligand through altered interaction with the chemokine receptor.

The active migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from their site of specification towards their target is a valuable model for investigating directed cell migration within the complex environment of the developing embryo. In several vertebrates, PGC migration is guided by Cxcl12, a member of the chemokine superfamily. Interestingly, two distinct Cxcl12 paralogs are expressed in zebrafish embryos and contribute to the chemotattractive landscape.

Control over the morphology and segregation of Zebrafish germ cell granules during embryonic development.

Background: Zebrafish germ cells contain granular-like structures, organized around the cell nucleus. These structures share common features with polar granules in Drosophila, germinal granules in Xenopus and chromatoid bodies in mice germ cells, such as the localization of the zebrafish Vasa, Piwi and Nanos proteins, among others. Little is known about the structure of these granules as well as their segregation in mitosis during early germ-cell development.

Migration of zebrafish primordial germ cells: a role for myosin contraction and cytoplasmic flow.

The molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cell motility and directed migration in response to the chemokine SDF-1 are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish primordial germ cells whose migration is guided by SDF-1 generate bleb-like protrusions that are powered by cytoplasmic flow. Protrusions are formed at sites of higher levels of free calcium where activation of myosin contraction occurs.

Role of FGFR signaling in the morphogenesis of the Drosophila visceral musculature.

We report in this study that the longitudinal visceral muscle founder cells (LVMFs), a population of cells that migrate along the midgut primordium and visceral mesoderm, require the function of the Drosophila fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) homolog, Heartless (Htl). Htl is expressed in LVMFs before and during their migration, and mitogen-activated protein K (MAPK) activity is present at the same stage. Embryos deficient for htl show an almost complete absence of longitudinal visceral fibers at late stages.

Signaling pathways controlling primordial germ cell migration in zebrafish.

During their migration, zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) rely on directional cues provided by the chemokine SDF-1a, whose receptor is CXCR4b. The molecular mechanisms whereby CXCR4b activation is interpreted intracellularly into directional migration are not known. Here we investigate the role of two important biochemical pathways -- G-protein-dependent and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling -- in directing PGC migration in zebrafish.

The role of DE-cadherin during cellularization, germ layer formation and early neurogenesis in the Drosophila embryo.

The Drosophila E-cadherin homolog, DE-cadherin, is expressed and required in all epithelial tissues throughout embryogenesis. Due to a strong maternal component of DE-cadherin, its early function during embryogenesis has remained elusive. The expression of a dominant negative DE-cadherin construct (UAS-DE-cad(ex)) using maternally active driver lines allowed us to analyze the requirements for DE-cadherin during this early phase of development.

dead end, a novel vertebrate germ plasm component, is required for zebrafish primordial germ cell migration and survival.

In most animals, primordial germ cell (PGC) specification and development depend on maternally provided cytoplasmic determinants that constitute the so-called germ plasm. Little is known about the role of germ plasm in vertebrate germ cell development, and its molecular mode of action remains elusive. While PGC specification in mammals occurs via different mechanisms, several germ plasm components required for early PGC development in lower organisms are expressed in mammalian germ cells after their migration to the gonad and are involved in gametogenesis.

Role of DE-cadherin in neuroblast proliferation, neural morphogenesis, and axon tract formation in Drosophila larval brain development.

In the wild-type brain, the Drosophila classic cadherin DE-cadherin is expressed globally by postembryonic neuroblasts and their lineages ("secondary lineages"), as well as glial cells. To address the role of DE-cadherin in the larval brain, we took advantage of the dominant-negative DE-cad(ex) construct, the expression of which was directed to neurons, glial cells, or both. Global expression of DE-cad(ex) driven by a heat pulse during the early second instar resulted in a severe phenotype that included deficits in neural proliferation.

Early development of the Drosophila brain: V. Pattern of postembryonic neuronal lineages expressing DE-cadherin.

The Drosophila E-cadherin homolog, DE-cadherin, is expressed postembryonically by brain neuroblasts and their lineages of neurons ("secondary lineages"). DE-cadherin appears in neuroblasts as soon as they can be identified by their increase in size and then remains expressed uninterruptedly throughout larval life. DE-cadherin remains transiently expressed in the cell bodies and axons of neurons produced by neuroblast proliferation.

Interaction between EGFR signaling and DE-cadherin during nervous system morphogenesis.

Dynamically regulated cell adhesion plays an important role during animal morphogenesis. Here we use the formation of the visual system in Drosophila embryos as a model system to investigate the function of the Drosophila classic cadherin, DE-cadherin, which is encoded by the shotgun (shg) gene. The visual system is derived from the optic placode which normally invaginates from the surface ectoderm of the embryo and gives rise to two separate structures, the larval eye (Bolwig's organ) and the optic lobe.